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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (34)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (24)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 198-203 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rapid technological advancements have contributed to the increasing application of adhesives. Because of these accomplishments, because of continuing materials research and process development activities, and because of their inherent advantages, adhesives have a great potential for the future. Requirements for the future impose a severe challenge on developmental capabilities. More severe structural requirements and environmental conditions may be expected. Because of increasing complexity and costs, there are requirements for significantly higher orders of reliability and lower fabrication costs. Improvements in bonding processes and development of comparatively new techniques are desirable. Test methods require further development and standardization - especially nondestructive methods. Continuing work in collecting and reporting pertinent information, especially on properties and design parameters for adhesive bonding is helping to advance the utilization of adhesives. Current trends indicate that adhesives are progressing from the realm of “art” to science, a factor which should substantially aid in advancing the future potential for adhesives.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: erythroid spectrin ; non-erythroid spectrin ; Z-line ; membrane ; neuromuscular junction ; developmental changes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe multiple human cardiac and skeletal muscle spectrin isoforms. Cardiac muscle expresses five erythroid α,β spectrin-reactive isoforms with estimated MR's of 280, 274, 270, 255, and 246 kD, respectively At least one nonerythroid α-spectrin of MR 284 kD is expressed in heart. While skeletal muscle shares the 280, 270, and 246 kD erythroid spectrins, it expresses an immunologically distinct 284 kD nonerythroid α-spectrin isoform. The 255 kD erythroid β-spectrin isoform is specific for cardiac tissue. By immunocytochemistry, both erythroid β- and nonerythroid α-spectrins are localized to costameres, the plasma membrane, and the neuromuscular junctional region.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 73-97 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: nematodes ; muscle structure ; mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A search for new mutants with altered body-wall muscle cell structure has been undertaken in the nematode C elegans. One-hundred seventeen mutants were isolated after mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate or ultraviolet light, enrichment by a motility-requiring test, and screening by polarized light microscopy; 102 of these mutants were in ten previously established genes, whereas 15 mutants permitted the identification of seven new complementation groups in C elegans. Two of the new genes map on linkage group I (unc-94 and unc-95) and four genes are sex linked (unc-96, unc-97, unc-98, and unc-99). One complementation group (unc-100) could not be mapped because of the special characteristics of its cohort mutants. Representative mutants of the mapped genes were examined by polarized light and electron microscopy. All of the mutants exhibit disruptions of the normal A and I band organization of thick and thin filaments. Several of the mutants produce collections of thin filament-like structures. In one of these cases, HE177 demonstrated collections of somewhat wider, intermediate-sized filaments as well, and the HE195 mutant produces paracrystalline aggregates of thin filaments amidst looser arrangements of similar structures. The mutants in newly identified genes, as well as the new mutants in previously established genetic loci, have promise as tools in the study of myofibrillar assembly and function. Among the 22 complementation groups associated with body-wall structure in C elegans, it is likely that some genes code for regulatory and morphogenetic functions in addition to the well-studied structural, contractile, and calcium-associated proteins in muscle.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mechanism of growth inhibition mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is unclear. Since recent data strongly suggested that generation of superoxide is a key step in cytotoxicity of TNF, we reasoned that cells expressing high levels of enzymes that degrade superoxide radicals would be resistant to TNF. Therefore, we examined the TNF-sensitivity of bone marrow progenitor cells of transgenic mice that expressed the gene for human copper zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD). The CuZn-SOD is a key enzyme in the metabolism of superoxide radicals. Heterozygous and homozygous transgenic mice had 3- and 5-fold increased levels of CuZn-SOD activity, respectively. Bone marrow cells of transgenic and nontransgenic mice were plated in soft gel culture with TNF (0.01-100 ng/ml). TNF inhibited myeloid colony formation supported by either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or G-CSF from nontransgenic mice in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the myeloid clonal growth of homozygote transgenic mice was not inhibited by TNF at concentrations up to 100 ng/ml. As expected, the effects of TNF on erythroid clonogenic cells, which do not produce superoxide, and the action of transforming growth factor-β on myeloid progenitor cells, were similar in both transgenic and nontransgenic mice. These results suggest that the mechanism of TNF-mediated growth inhibition of hematopoietic cells occurs through production of superoxide. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 26 (1957), S. 399-401 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 23 (1957), S. 23-46 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Osmotic pressure, initial phase separation, and viscosity results are presented for dilute solutions of cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, and ethyl cellulose, using polymers of similar molecular weight and degree of substitution. A fairly wide range of solvents has been used in each case. Osmotic pressure results suggest molecular dispersion of polymer in most solvents but there is evidence for association of ethyl cellulose in aromatic hydrocarbons. Values of the Huggins μ are obtained and, for systems involving cellulose nitrate and ethyl cellulose in homologous series of ketones and acetates, seem to fall to a minimum and then increase on ascent of each series. It is suggested that the heat term in μ should include an exothermic contribution arising from solvation in addition to an endothermic contribution resulting from mixing of solvated polymer and solvent. It is tentatively suggested that, in a homologous series of solvents, the entropy and exothermic contributions may not vary much and that the variation of μ may arise from varying endothermic contributions. The volumes of hexane required to cause initial phase separation of the nitrate and acetate from solution increase with solvent power, as estimated from μ, but with ethyl cellulose the volumes tend to decrease. It is suggested that solvated polymer may separate from solutions involving polar solvents and, making certain assumptions, estimates are made of the solubility parameters of the polymers separating. Those for cellulose nitrate vary markedly with solvent. The variation of solubility parameter with solvent is less with cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose but in the latter case values for polymer separating from polar solvents are less than from nonpolar. Comparison of these estimated solubility parameters with those of the solvents and hexane suggests that the volumes of hexane required to cause initial phase separation will only serve as measures of solvent power if the solubility parameters of solvents and precipitant all lie on the same side of that of the polymer separating. This seems to be so for cellulose acetate and possibly the nitrate but not for ethyl cellulose. Comparison of viscosity parameters and values of μ suggests that in certain cases both [η] and the initial slope of the plot of ηsp/c against c increase with solvent power. Other suggested viscosity measures of solvent power do not seem to be generally applicable. Some variation of chain configuration with solvent seems probable. Solvation, solvent type and association of polymer may also affect the viscosities of dilute solutions of cellulose derivatives.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 31 (1958), S. 399-414 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The hydrolysis rate of the nerve gas Sarin in aqueous solution may be accelerated by strongly acidic and strongly basic ion exchange resins. Basic resins are more effective than acid resins. Depending on the resin type and internal structure, a diffusional process or the chemical reaction may be rate determining. In distilled water, cationic resins behave as true catalysts, whereas the products of decomposition of Sarin destroy the effectiveness of anion resins. Dissolved salts in the water lower the useful life of both types of resins by replacement of the active hydrogen or hydroxyl groups.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 58 (1962), S. 991-1008 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The rate of consumption of oxygen by cotton and cottom cellulose from solutions of hypochlorite in the pH range 5-10 has been studied. Kinetic plots were obtained either by periodically titrating aliquots or by automatically recording the amount of alkali required to keep the pH constant. In the case of pure cotton cellulose the plots are linear, whereas in the case of cotton the plots consist of two parts, an initial, rapid oxidation of the impurities followed by a slower, linear oxidation of the cellulose. The dependence of the rate of oxidation on the pH may be expressed by: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {{ - dC} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - dC} {dt}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {dt}} = kC^2 _{{\rm HOCl}} C^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} _{{\rm ClO - }}$$\end{document} which also accounts for the dependence of the rate on the initial concentration of oxidant. A mechanism is suggested in terms of the free-radical OH and Cl2OOH.
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