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  • Air Transportation and Safety  (23)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (18)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of behaviour during neuronal morphogenesis in culture (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 250-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: time lapse ; neuronal differentiation ; cytoskeleton ; growth cone ; PC12 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We report a developmental sequence in the type and frequency of behaviours of neurons differentiating in vitro. We characterised these changes with extensive analysis of time-lapse sequence from both the continuing cell line phenochromocytoma PC12 and primary mixed cell culture of cat and mouse central nervous system. PC12 cells activated by nerve growth factor (NGF) differentiate in a uniform and synchronous manner. This allowed the first quantification of changes in different neuron behaviours during morphogenesis.Shortly after NGF activation, PC12 cells are highly labile in morphology and exhibit a large variety of morphological behaviours. During the first week of differentiation, the frequency of these behaviours declines, and gross morphology becomes more stable. The frequency of neurite initiation after 1 week in NGF is one-seventh what it was after 2 days in NGF. Over the same period, neurite retraction declines to one-third, and somal migration ceases altogether. Growthcone activity does not decline during development. These behaviour changes correlate with published data on the differentiation of the neurite cytoskeleton.A qualitatively similar ontogeny was noted in the differentiation of CNS neurons in mixed cell culture. Major differnces occur in the relative timing of changes in behaviours. Mature, stable morphology is not detected in these cultures until 7 weeks in vitro.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080306
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early cellular events couple covalent binding of reactive metabolites to cell killing by nephrotoxic cysteine conjugates (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 161 (1994), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Addition of the nephrotoxic cysteine conjugate, S-(1, 2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), to the LLC-PK1 line of renal epithelial cells leads to covalent binding of reactive intermediates followed by thiol depletion, lipid peroxidation, and cell death (Chen et al., 1990, J. Biol. Chem., 265:21603-21611.) The present study was designed to determine if increased intracellular free calcium might play a role in this pathway of DCVC-induced toxicity by comparing the temporal relationships among increased intracellular free calcium, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxicity. Intracellular free calcium increased 1 hr after DCVC treatment, long before LDH release occurred. The elevation of intracellular free calcium and cytotoxicity was prevented by inhibiting DCVC metabolism with AOA. The cell-permeable chelators, Quin-2AM and EGTA-AM, prevented the toxicity. Pretreatment of cells with a nontoxic concentration of ionomycin increased intracellular free calcium and potentiated DCVC-induced LDH release. However, the antioxidant, DPPD, which blocks lipid peroxidation and toxicity, did not affect the increase in intracellular free calcium, whereas buffering intracellular calcium with Quin-2AM or EGTA-AM blocked both lipid peroxidation and toxicity without preventing the depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryls by DCVC. Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uptake, also blocked cell death. We hypothesize that covalent binding of the reactive fragment from DCVC metabolism leads to deregulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis and elevation of intracellular free calcium. Increased intracellular free calcium may in turn be coupled to mitochondrial damage and the accumulation of endogenous oxidants which cause lipid peroxidation and cell death. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041610214
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signalling the molecular stress response to nephrotoxic and mutagenic cysteine conjugates: Differential roles for protein synthesis and calcium in the induction of c-fos and c-myc mRNA in LLC-PK1 cells (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 161 (1994), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Nephrotoxic and mutagenic cysteine conjugates (NCC) are activated by the enzyme cysteine conjugate, β-lyase, to reactive acylating species which bind covalently to cellular macromolecules. We now show that an early event after treatment of LLC-PK1 cells with NCC is the induction of mRNA for both c-fos and c-myc. Treatment with S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC) induced c-fos (53-fold) and c-myc mRNA (20-fold) and increased transcription about 3-fold for both genes. Covalent binding was required for induction of both mRNAs. Dithiothreitol partially prevented induction of both c-fos and c-myc RNA. Buffering the DCVC-induced increase in cytosolic free calcium had no effect on c-fos mRNA but partially blocked c-myc mRNA induction. Cycloheximide blocked the induction of c-myc mRNA in the absence of an effect on c-fos induction. The data suggest that the increase in c-fos mRNA is a primary response to DCVC toxicity and occurs without a requirement for protein synthesis or an increase in intracellular free calcium. In contrast, c-myc induction requires protein synthesis, suggesting that the presence of another primary response factor may regulate induction either transcriptionally or posttranscriptionally. The data suggest that different signalling pathways regulate induction of c-fos and c-myc mRNA in response to stress caused by reactive acylating species. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041610215
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of human sensory thresholds: 2450-MHz Microwaves vs far-infrared radiation (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 3 (1982), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwaves ; infrared ; human ; thresholds ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Three male and three female adults individually placed the ventral surface of the right and upright forearm against a 15-cm-diameter aperture in a wall of microwave-absorbent material. Tensecond exposures occurred to E-vector-vertically polarized, 2450-MHz-CW microwave (MW) fields. Comparable exposure to infrared (IR) waves was repeated with four of the six observers. Thresholds of detection of just-noticeable warming by MW and IR radiation were determined by the double-staircase psychophysical method. Although the exposed surface areas of male observers' arm were larger than those of female observers, thresholds of warming by either source of energy overlapped; the pooled means of irradiance at threshold are 26.7 mW/cm2 (MW) and 1.7 mW/cm2 (IR). Dosimetric measures on saline models indicated virtually perfect absorption of the incident IR, but nearly two-thirds of the MW energy was scattered. Accordingly, the 15-fold difference in means of MW and IR thresholds resolves to a 5-fold difference in threshold quantities of absorbed energy. In the light of the high correlation between thresholds of IR and MW irradiation (r = .97), it is concluded that the same set of superficial thermoreceptors was being stimulated, only less efficiently so, by the more deeply penetrating, more diffusely absorbed MW energy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250030115
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residential magnetic and electric fields (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 8 (1987), S. 315-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: magnetic fields ; exposure assessment ; ELF ; power frequency ; epidemiology ; cancer ; residential ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A magnetic flux density (MFD) and electric-field (E-field) data-acquisition system was built for characterizing extremely low-frequency fields in residences. Every 2 min during 24-h periods, MFD and E-field measurements were made in 43 homes in King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties of Washington State. The total electrical energy used in each residence during the 24-h measurement period was also recorded, and maps were drawn to scale of the distribution wiring within 43 m (140 ft) of these homes. Finally, on a separate date, field measurements were made in each home during an epidemiological interview. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) 24-h-average MFD measured at two separate points in the family room were correlated, as were a 24-h-average bedroom measurement and the mean of the two family-room measurements. 2) The 24-h-average family-room MFD and E-field measurements were uncorrelated. 3) The 24-h-average total harmonic distortions of family-room MFD and E-fields were less than about 24% and 7%, respectively. 4) Residential MFD exhibited a definite 24-h (diurnal) cycle. 5) The 24-h-average and interviewer-measured MFD were correlated. 6) Residential 24-h-average MFD were correlated with the wiring code developed by Wertheimer and Leeper. 7) An improved prediction of 24-h-average residential MFD was obtained using the total number of service drops, the distance to neighboring transmission lines, and the number of primary phase conductors.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250080402
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and magnetic fields in a neonatal intensive care unit (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 17 (1996), S. 396-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: occupational exposure ; premature infants ; melatonin suppression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Effects of light and electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on pineal function could have implications for long-term risk of breast cancer, reproductive irregularities, or depression. Health-care workers in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were interviewed to determine the tasks, work locations, and practices in their work environment as well as the care provided to the infants. After an initial visit, methods for measuring illuminance, luminance, and broadband resultant magnetic fields throughout the NICU were developed. Measurements were made of one nursery during a daytime (1:00 p.m.) and a night-time (12:30 a.m.) visit. Measurements relevant to both nurses and premature infants in the NICU were made. Some measurements could not be completed so as not to interfere with nurses' duties in the NICU. Illuminances measured during the daytime and nighttime averaged 184 and 34 lux (lx), respectively, much lower than those reported in other studies of illuminance in NICUs, with a maximum illuminance of 747 lx. Peak levels may be consistent with those thought to suppress melatonin. There was a high degree of variability in EMF levels, which exceeded 1,000 mG close to certain hospital equipment but averaged 1-2 mG at the nurses' workstation. Fields within incubators exceeded 10 mG. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relative effects of increased carbon dioxide tensions and decreased oxygen tensions upon the heart frequency of young trout (1935)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 5 (1935), S. 509-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030050410
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implant-induced accessory limbs in urodeles: Fresh, frozen, and boiled tissuesThese investigations were supported by a grant (HD-01234) from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.The authors wish to thank Mrs. Linda Bolduan for her expert assistance. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965), S. 213-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Implants were made into forelimbs of Triturus viridescens using fresh, frozen and boiled kidney and liver of T. viridescens and R. pipiens. Limbs were recovered at intervals up to 70 days post-implantation.Kidney implants from Wisconsin R. pipiens gave twice as many extensive accessory structures as did Vermont frog kidney. Total induction percentages, however, were similar.Quantitative and qualitative parameters for implant-induction of accessory structures were investigated. The decrease in antigenicity and increased rate of cytolysis of frozen implants resulted in increased similarity between frog and newt kidney in rate and pattern of breakdown and in rates of induction. Modification of rate and duration of the release of the stimulating factor from the implant did not result in induction by liver implants.No evidence was found for any increase in innervation prior to or coincident with blastema formation. Implantation and implant cytolysis may cause hypersensitivity of limb tissues to the normal innervation pattern or trophic stimuli from the implant may act with those from the injured limb tissues to produce growth.The general pattern of host reaction to the implanted material was studied and described.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051170207
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutational analysis of leucine 47 in human epidermal growth factor (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 46 (1991), S. 242-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: hEGF ; site-directed mutagenesis ; receptor affinity ; receptor kinase ; mitogenesis ; NMR ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Seven site-specific mutants (including changes to other hydrophobic, charged, and heterocyclic amino acids) of leucine 47 of human epidermal growth factor (EGF) were generated by protein engineering and characterized for their activity in three assays: radioreceptor competition binding in membrane fractions, the stimulation of the EGF receptor's tyrosine kinase activity, and the stimulation of thymidine uptake in tissue culture cells. K½ (concentration required for half maximum response) values for each of the mutants are reported in the three assays. The results show that the native leucine residue is quite important for EGF activity. Substitutions are tolerated to different degrees, depending upon hydrophobicity and size of the side chain. Substitution with ionic residues led to the most drastic reduction in activity. One-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, at physiological pH, of several of the mutants did not detect any major structural perturbations which would account for the loss of activity. The results suggest that the side chain of leucine 47, because of its charge neutrality, size, and hydrophobicity, is highly important, although not absolutely essential for the interaction of EGF with its receptor. A striking finding was the lower (compared with wild type) Vmax values of the mutants in the tyrosine kinase reaction, but these low Vmax mutants, in cell culture experiments, were able to stimulate at high concentrations a growth response equivalent to wild type EGF.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240460307
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular accumulation of a fluorescent derivative of paromomycin in human fibroblasts (1982)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 20 (1982), S. 71-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: aminoglycoside ; fluorescent paromomycin ; human fibroblasts ; lysosomes ; endocytosis ; exocytosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Human fetal lung fibroblasts grown in the presence of dansyl-paromomycin (DNS-Pm), a fluorescent derivative of the aminoglycoside antibiotic, paromomycin, probably accumulate DNS-Pm in the lysosomes. The intracellular concentration of DNS-Pm is proportional to the extracellular concentration and to the length of time cells are exposed to the compound. The accumulation of DNS-Pm by human fibroblasts continued to increase for several days, reaching a saturation after 7 days. The kinetic data are consistent with the establishment of a steady state in the cell between fluid-phase pinocytosis and exocytosis of DNS-Pm. About 80% of the intracellular DNS-Pm was released in 24 hr when fresh medium without the analogue was added. The residual 20% remained within the cells, suggesting that it may be irreversibly bound to the lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, or ribosonius. The uptake of paromomycin by cells in culture may be a useful means to study error propagation during growth and lifespan of cells in vitro.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240200108
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