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  • 1
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In human umbilical vein and bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture c-sis gene expression and secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been previously demonstrated. We now report the presence of PDGF-1 and PDGF-2/sis mRNA transcripts in primary cultures of human iliac artery endothelial cells (HIA-EC). Concomitantly, these cells synthesize and secrete PDGF-like proteins identified by direct immunoprecipitation with specific PDGF antiserum. The PDGF proteins secreted by HIA-EC have molecular weights of 31 and 35 kd under nonreducing conditions. Upon reduction these proteins are converted to the monomeric 15- and 16-kd forms. Conditioned media derived from HIA-EC stimulated the incorporation of 3H-thymidine by 3T3 cells and competed with 125I-PDGF for its binding to 3T3 cell membrane receptors. The biologic activity was stable to heating at 100°C for 10 min and sensitive to reducing agents, properties similar to those of authentic PDGF. Production of PDGF-like mitogen by the human arterial endothelial cells may play an important role in the paracrine modulation of arterial wall regeneration following vascular injury.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 133 (1987), S. 585-589 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: D-alpha tocopheryl succinate (vitamin E succinate), which is known to induce differentiation and growth inhibition in murine B-16 melanoma cells, reduced basal and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-stimulated adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in vitro. Vitamin E succinate treatment also reduced sodium fluoride- and forskoline-stimulated AC activity of melanoma cells in vitro. Treatment of cells with vitamin E succinate (6 μg/ml) for a period of 24 hours was sufficient to reduce MSH-stimulated AC activity. Other forms of vitamin E, such as d1-alpha tocopheryl nicotinate, d1-alpha tocopheryl acetate, and d1-alpha tocopherol, which did not affect growth or morphology of melanoma cells, were relatively less effective in altering basal and MSH-stimulated AC activity. Retinoic acid, which inhibited the growth of B-16 melanoma cells, also reduced basal and MSH-, NaF-, and forskolin-stimulated AC activity in vitro. Prostaglandin A2, which inhibited growth and altered morphology, did not change basal or MSH-stimulated AC activity. These results show that one of the mechanisms of action of vitamin E succinate and retinoic acid on melanoma cells may involve reduction of basal and MSH-sensitive AC activity, and this vitamin effect is not necessarily related to growth inhibition.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Direct single-cell assays for oncogenic transformation are available for fibroblasts but not for other cell types. Using malignant histiocytosis sarcoma virus (MHSV), a member of the ras family of retroviruses, in vivo-infected granulocyte/macrophage and macrophage precursor cells lost the requirement for externally added hematopoietic growth factors. Factor-independent growth was demonstrated by colony-transfer experiments. More than 25% of the independent colonies were established as permanent macrophage cell lines following a phase of adaptation to tissue culture conditions. Factor-independent colony growth was also obtained by in vitro infection of single cells. As many as 50% of all myeloid precursor cells were target cells for MHSV as measured by this assay. About 2 × 10-3 of these colony-forming cells acquired growth factor independence and immortality after in vitro infection. Cell lines derived from these colonies did not require adaptation to tissue culture conditions.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 28 (1985), S. 23-29 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: fibronectin ; laminin ; liposomes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have incorporated antibodies against fibronectin or laminin into liposomes and studied their interaction with insoluble forms of these antigens. The antibodies, after modification by palmitoylchloride, were incorporated into the lipid bilayer by the cholate dialysis method. The antibodies in the liposomes recognized their specific antigen with little reaction to the alternative attachment protein or to albumin (〈2%). The binding of antibody-containing liposomes to insoluble antigen was inhibited by soluble antibodies to the respective antigens but not by antibodies to other antigens. The affinity constant of the liposome-antibody complex with the antigen was estimated at 1-10 × 10-9 M liposomes. Thus, antibodies in liposomes retain their reactivity and specificity, and the reaction constant is comparable to that observed for immune complexes.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 30 (1986), S. 195-218 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: raf ; myc ; oncogene ; synergism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 3611 MSV, a raf-oncogene-transducing murine retrovirus, induces fibrosarcomas and erythroid hyperplasia in newborn mice after a latency of 4-8 wk. In contrast, new recombinant murine retroviruses carrying the myc oncogene (J-3, J-5 construct viruses) do not induce tumors before 〉 9 wk. A combination of both oncogenes in an infectious murine retrovirus (J-2) induces hematopoietic neoplasms in addition to less prominent fibrosarcomas and pancreatic adenocarcinoma 1-3 wk after inoculation. The hematologic neoplasms consist of immunoblastic lymphomas of T and B cell lineage and erythroblastosis. If animals were inoculated with a variant of the J-3 virus, which induces altered foci in cultures of NIH 3T3 cells, carcinoma developed in the pancreas with a 2-6 mo latency. In parallel to the synergistic action of both oncogenes on hematopoietic cells in vivo, we find that raf-oncogene-induced transformation of bone marrow cells in culture is enhanced by the addition of myc, which by itself does not transform these cells when grown in standard media. We conclude that concomitant expression of raf and myc oncogenes in hematopoietic and epithelial cells alters their respective transforming activities. The contribution of v-myc in this synergism was examined by use of a series of recombinant murine retroviruses capable of expressing the avian v-myc to study the effect of altered myc expression on hematopoietic/lymphoid cells. With either interleukin 3- or interleukin 2-dependent cell lines, introduction of the recombinant viruses abrogated the requirement for IL 3 or IL 2 for growth, and associated with this was the suppression of c-myc expression. The findings suggest that myc is a component in the signal transduction pathway for IL 3 and IL 2 and support an autoregulatory mechanism of c-myc expression. In contrast to v-myc, expression of v-raf primary lymphoid hematopoietic cells has an immortilizing function without abrogating the requirement for IL 3 for growth. This suggests that v-raf and v-myc affect different components of growth regulation, as, for example, commitment (v-myc ) and cell cycle progression (v-raf).
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: boar ; binding proteins ; plasma membrane proteins ; sperm ; zona pellucida ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Boar sperm plasma membrane proteins (PMPs) with affinity for the zona pellucida were partially purified from columns of dextran sulfate using a linear salt gradient and a buffered detergent that retained their ability to block directly the binding of uncapacitated and capacitated sperm to isolated porcine oocytes. PMPs that bound most strongly to dextran sulfate (fraction IV) were also most effective in blocking sperm binding to porcine oocytes. These tightly bound proteins also bound to isolated zonae to a greater extent than other fractions. Monovalent antibodies to fraction IV PMPs completely blocked sperm binding to isolated eggs. Fraction IV PMPs lost the ability to inhibit directly the binding to eggs when treated with chaotropic agents and trypsin; the fraction also displayed a tendency to aggregate in the absence of high salt. This property and the affinity of proteins in this fraction for sulfated polysaccharides indicate that specific hydrophilic interactions may play a significant role in sperm-zona attachments.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 11 (1989), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: High-voltage electron microscopy ; Thick specimens ; Tomography ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Optimal imaging of complex structures requires proper alignment relative to the optic axis of the electron microscope. This is especially important for high-voltage and intermediatevoltage microscopes, which form an in-focus image throughout the entire thickness of the object. As a result, structures at different specimen heights form overlapping and confused images that severely curtail the usefulness of these instruments.The work described here provides a generalized, flexible method for optimizing specimen orientation and eliminating or limiting image overlap by means of a commonly used double-tilt stage. Analysis of the motion about the two axes provides accurate tilting for any azimuthal direction whether or not it corresponds to a mechanical axis of the stage. An object can be positioned to minimize image overlap, to record stereopairs for any parallax axis, and to record three-dimensional data sets by the conical collection geometry.Images of muscle paracrystals are shown after tilting about an axis perpendicular to a symmetry direction. The tilted image displays higher-order symmetry, which is altered by changes of one degree. Precision double-tilting for optimizing stereopairs is shown for a desmosome recorded using different parallax axes and pretilts. A tomographic conical data-collection scheme is demonstrated by imaging a microtubule axoneme for a specific cone half-angle and arbitrary azimuthal angles.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast ; chromosomes ; cell division ; mitosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have identified four new genetic loci: CHL2 (on chromosome XII) CHL3 (on chromosomes XII); CHL4 (on chrosomes IV), and CHL5 (on chromosomes IX), controlling mitotic transmission of yeast chromosomes. The frequency of loss of chromosomes is 10-100-fold in chl5, chl2, chl3 and chl4 mutants than observed in wild-type strains. The mutants also unstable maintenance of artifcial circular minichromosomes with various chromosomal replicators (ARS) and one of the concentrations loci (CEN3, CEN4, CEN5, or CEN6). The instability of minichrosomes in the chl5, chl2, and chl4 mutants id due to the loss of minichromosomes in mitosis (1 : 0 segregation). In the chl3 mutant the instability of artificial minichromosomes is due to nondisjunction (2 : 0 segregation). The CHL3 gene therfre appears to affect the segregation of chromosomes during cell division.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: The search for new congeners of the leading anticancer drug doxorubicin has led to an analog that is approximately 1000 times more potent, noncardiotoxic at therapeutic dose levels, and non-cross-resistant with doxorubicin. The new anthracycline, 3'-deamino-3'-(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl)doxorubicin (MRA-CN), is produced by incorporation of the 3' amino group of doxorubicin in a new cyanomorpholinyl ring. The marked increase in potency was observed against human ovarian and breast carcinomas in vitro; it was not accompanied by an increase in cardiotoxicity in fetal mouse heart cultures. Doxorubicin and MRA-CN both produced typical cardiac ultrastructural and biochemical changes, but at equimolar concentrations. In addition, MRA-CN was not cross-resistant with doxorubicin in a variant of the human sarcoma cell line MES-SA selected for resistance to doxorubicin. Thus antitumor efficacy was dissociated from both cardiotoxicity and cross-resistance by this modification of anthracycline structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikic, B I -- Ehsan, M N -- Harker, W G -- Friend, N F -- Brown, B W -- Newman, R A -- Hacker, M P -- Acton, E M -- CA 24543/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 32250/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 33303/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1544-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antineoplastic Agents ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Doxorubicin/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart/drug effects ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/analysis ; Mice ; Myocardium/enzymology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 44-54 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: monoclonal antibody ; phosphoproteins ; basal bodies ; morphogenesis ; Paramecium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The presence of phosphorylated proteins associated with microtubule organizing centers in tissue culture cells during mitosis has been demonstrated by the use of monoclonal antibodies raised against mitotic HeLa cells [Vandre et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:4439-4443, 1984]. We report here that in Paramecium two of the mitosis specific antibodies, MPM-1 and MPM-2, decorate throughtout the cell cycle all the microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) located in the cortex and in the oral apparatus (gullet). Immuno-electron microscopy showed that these antibodies labeled the electron-dense material surrounding basal bodies from which several microtubule networks as well as kinetodesmal fibers originate. During mitosis, these antibodies also stained other cortical cytoskeletal structures, the kinetodesmal fibers (MPM-1 and MPM-2) and the epiplasm (MPM-1). Among the different polypeptides recognized by the antibodies on immunoblots, three major ones of 60, 63, and 116 kDa were found to be common to the cortex (where several thousand ciliary basal bodies are anchored) and the oral apparatus (which comprises several hundred basal bodies around which various arrays of cytoplasmic microtubules are organized). Alkaline phosphatase treatment abolished the immunoreactivity of the polypeptides and the labeling observed by immunofluorescence. These results demonstrate that phosphorylated proteins are associated with all the known active microtubule organizing centers present in the cortex throughout the cell cycle of Paramecium. Furthermore they indicate that in Paramecium phosphorylation of proteins could also be involved in the cell cycle dependent dynamics of cortical cytoskeletal structures other than microtubules.
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