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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (538)
  • 1985-1989  (518)
  • 1935-1939  (20)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant tubulin genes: Structure and differential expression during development (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 435-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: tubulin genes ; microtubules ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Microtubules are important components of the cytoskeleton of plant cells and play key roles in plant growth and morphogenesis. Recent molecular studies have begun to elucidate the structure and expression of plant genes coding for the major components of microtubules, α- and β-tubulin. Tubulin amino acid sequences deduced from the DNA sequences of eight higher plant tubulin genes are 79-87% homologous with constitutively expressed mammalian tubulins. The genome of the model plant system Arabidopsis thaliana contains four dispersed α-tubulin sequences and at least seven β-tubulin sequences, only two of which appear to be linked. Of the five A. thaliana genes whose expression has been analyzed, the transcripts of one α-tubulin and one β-tubulin gene are constitutively expressed in roots, leaves, and flowers. A second α-tubulin gene is expressed predominately in flowers; the transcripts of the second and third β-tubulin genes are found predominately in leaves or in roots, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080511
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological profile of the substituted beta-lactam L-659,286: A member of a new class of human PMN elastase inhibitors (1989)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 39 (1989), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: elastase inhibitors ; β-lactams ; lung damage ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN elastase) is inhibited by L-659, 286 (7α-methoxy-8-oxo-3-[[(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triaz-in-3-yl)thio]methyl]-5-thia-1-aza-6R-bicyclo [4.2.O]oct-2-ene-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide-5,-dioxide) with a Ki of 0.4 μM. This inhibition is time-dependent, rapid, and only slowly reversible, with a t1/2 of 〉 3 days at 25°C. L-659, 286 is also highly selective for PMN elastase, as it does not inhibit thrombin, trypsin, papain, plasmin, chymotrypsin, or cathepsin G. L-659, 286 administered intratracheally inhibits lung damage caused by administration via the same route of human PMN elastase into hamsters. In marmosets, L-659, 286 is cleared from blood very rapidly after an intravenous injection but is recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for several hours after intratracheal administration.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240390106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid deformation of “passive” polymorphonuclear leukocytes: The effects of pentoxifylline (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 140 (1989), S. 549-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Entry times for spherical (no pseudopods) polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into a 4 μm micropipet have been measured as a function of pipet suction pressure (2,500-20,000 dyn/cm2) and concentration of the drug pentoxifylline (PTX, 0.1-10.0 mM). For control cells (0 mM PTX), entry rates (reciprocal entry times) increased almost linearly with increasing suction pressure, indicating a Newtonian-like behavior. With incubation in PTX solutions, entry rate vs. suction pressure became increasingly non-linear, suggesting a shear-thinning effect for the dissipative structure. At a given suction pressure the rate of entry showed a dose-dependent increase with increasing PTX concentration, the effect being most pronounced at high suction pressures (20,000 dyn/cm2). Also, with increasing PTX concentration two other effects were observed: (i) there was a decreased incidence of cells that displayed pseudopodia, and (ii) there was an increased incidence of cells forming hernias and an increased streaming of cell cytoplasm during aspiration. The first observation points to a down-regulation of the cell's functional ability to “activate” in response to surface/chemical stimuli, and the second indicates that both the cortical and cytoskeletal networks are weakened either by disruption and/or reduction in density of the protein polymers. These observations are in line with other recently published experiments which suggest that the rheological effects of pentoxifylline on PMNs may be associated with the state of actin.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041400321
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro and in vivo studies of mammalian sperm nuclear decondensation (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 11 (1985), S. 349-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; mammalian ; fertilization ; mammalian ; nucleus ; spermatozoon ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120110403
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the viability and fertilizing potential of cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa using dual fluorescent staining and two-flow cytometric systems (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 22 (1989), S. 355-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: bull ; semen ; fluorophore ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A dual fluorescent staining system utilizing 5 (and-6)-carboxy-4′,5′-dimethyl fluorescein diacetate (CDMFDA) and Hydroethidine (HED) was developed to provide quantifiable information reflective of spermatozoal viability and fertilizing potential. Cryopreserved spermatozoa from ten bulls on which there was fertilizing capacity information were incubated for 1.5, and 3 hr at 39°C prior to fluorogenic staining. Spermatozoa were analyzed using both a FACS Analyzer and an EPICS V flow cytometer to determine if a particular fluorescence pattern was due to an instrumental artifact or cellular processes. Five fluorescent cellular populations were identified by the FACS Analyzer and three populations by the EPICS V. Spermatozoa were quantified after each incubation time for red (HED) and green (CDMFDA) fluorescence. Viable spermatozoa retained the greatest amount of both green and red fluorescence. Dead or moribund spermatozoa had a decrease in over-all fluorescence. The number of viable cells at 0 hr plus the number of dead or morbid cells at any time period were identified by the FACS Analyzer as important in estimating the potential fertility of a bull. The EPICS V identified the number of dead or moribund cells as being related to nonreturn rates. Incubation of samples decreased cellular viability, which resulted in reduced levels of both green and red fluorescence. Similarities between data obtained with both flow cytometers illustrated that cellular processes, not instrumental artifacts, were responsible for the decrease in over-all fluorescence when viability declined, the relationship between the number of cells with specific fluorescence levels and nonreturn rates, and the incubative-induced changes in fluorescence patterns.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120220402
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of in utero and in vitro incubation on the lipid-bound fatty acids and sterols of porcine spermatozoa (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 18 (1987), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: sperm ; phospholipid ; neutral lipid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sperm-rich semen and washed porcine spermatozoa were incubated for up to 2 hr either in utero in the presence of oviduct fluid or in vitro at 37°C. Sperm lipids were extracted and separated into phospholid and neutral lipid fractions. Eleven phospholipid and five neutral lipid fatty acids were identified and quantified using GC and GC-MS. The percentage of 22:5n6, the major phospholipid fatty acid, decreased slightly but significantly during 1.5 hr of in utero incubation (41.2-38.0%), but after 2.0 hr of in utero incubation no significant difference was observed (40.0%). None of the phospholipid fatty acids changed in concentration during in vitro incubation. The mole ratio of phospholipid to phospholipid fatty acid (1.00:1.27) did not change during incubation. The levels of neutral lipid-bound 14:0 decreased (43.5% to 31.8%) and that of 18:0 increased (11.1% to 18.2%) during in utero incubation. Similar but less pronounced changes were observed during in vitro incubation. (43.5% to 36.0%; and 11.1% to 15.8%, respectively).Two major sterols, cholestrol (73%) and desmosterol (27%) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mole ratio of phospholipid to sterol (2.47:1:00) did not change during incubation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120180206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity potential of residual ethylene oxide on fresh or frozen embryos maintained in plastic straws (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 19 (1988), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: embryo development ; ethylene oxide ; toxicity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The toxic effects of residual ethylene oxide (EtO), a frequently used gas-sterilant, on embryos either frozen for long-term purposes or stored acutely for 30 min to 9 hr in a fresh condition in 0.25-ml straw containers were evaluated. In Experiment 1, fresh embryos were frozen (using conventional technology) in straws previously aerated for 0 hr to 8 mo after EtO sterilization. With the exception of the 8-mo group in which survival and quality ratings were depressed, embryo viability was not affected significantly by short-term prefreeze and post-thaw exposure to EtO residues. Experiment 2 was conducted to analyze the influence of prefreeze exposure to EtO residues on embryo development in vitro for embryos temporarily stored in previously sterilized straws aerated for different intervals. Compared to non-EtO-sterilized control straws, the development, quality, and viability of embryos exposed to EtO-treated straws were compromised (p 〈 0.05) as the aeration interval decreased and the exposure interval increased. The combined results of both experiments indicate that EtO-treated straws can be used to cryopreserve gametes efficiently, but only if the aeration interval is ≥72 hr and the prefreeze duration of exposure is ≤3 hr.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120190104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualization and characterization of the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa by immunolocalization with monoclonal antibody (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 17 (1987), S. 245-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: hamster ova ; epi-fluorescence ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody generated against hamster epididymal spermatozoa and recognizing an antigen within the acrosome was used in conjunction with FITC-antimouse immunoglobulin as a marker of the human acrosome during sperm development, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. The specificity of binding of the monoclonal antibody was assessed using immunolocalization by epi-fluorescence and electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence revealed that antibody bound over the entire anterior acrosome in hamster and human spermatozoa. Ultrastructural localization indicated that antigen was predominantly present on the inner face of the outer acrosomal membrane and within the acrosomal content. Qualitative specificity was studied using a highly purified preparation of hamster acrosomes in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Since the antibody rapidly visualized human acrosomes, it was used to detect abnormal acrosome morphology of mature spermatozoa and to mark spermatids present in the ejaculate. During incubation in capacitating medium, changes in the immunofluorescence of live or methanol fixed spermatozoa were correlated with incubation interval and the ability of spermatozoa to fuse with zona-free hamster oocytes. Spermatozoa bound to zona-free hamster oocytes displayed no fluorescence, confirming that acrosome loss occurred before spermatozoa attached to the vitellus.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120170308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct contact is required between serum albumin and hamster spermatozoa for capacitation in vitro (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 23 (1989), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: acrosome reaction ; dialysis membrane ; direct or indirect incubation ; BSA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A dialysis unit was used to test whether direct physical contact between serum albumin and hamster spermatozoa is required for capacitation and/or the acrosome reaction. Sperm and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were incubated cither together (direct incubation) or separated by a dialysis membrane (indirect incubation). Sperm viability was supported with “sperm motility factors” (hypotaurine and epinephrine) and polyvinylalcohol (PVA). Spermatozoa became capacitated and underwent acrosome reactions when directly incubated in medium containing BSA (TALP-PVA), but did not undergo acrosome reactions when indirectly incubated with BSA (medium TLP-PVA). When sperm were first incubated for 4 hr indirectly with BSA, followed by 4 hr direct incubation with BSA, capacitation did not occur during indirect incubation. These findings indicate that an “intimate association” is necessary between serum albumin and spermatozoa to support capacitation under in vitro incubation conditions. The data are consistent with the concept of direct transfer of compounds from sperm to albumin and/or vice versa during sperm capacitation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120230204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What the papers say: Role of hepatic glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in glycogen synthesis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 2 (1985), S. 273-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950020609
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