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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of site effects in the area of Nocera Umbra (Central Italy) during the 1997 Umbria-Marche seismic sequence (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of seismology 4 (2000), S. 555-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-157X
    Keywords: Nocera Umbra ; site effects ; weak motions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract During the ML = 5.6 and 5.8 earthquakes occurredin central Italy on 26 September 1997 the historiccentre of Nocera Umbra, lying on top of a 120 m highhill, was diffusely damaged (VII-VIII degrees of MCSintensity). Some recently built houses in the modernpart of the town suffered an even higher level ofdamage. A temporary seismic array was deployed toinvestigate a possible correlation between localamplifications of ground motion in this area and theobserved pattern of damage. After a geologic andmacroseismic survey, eight sites were selected asrepresentative of different local conditions, such astopographic irregularities, sharp hard-to-softlithology transitions, alluvium-filled valleys, andboth undisturbed and deformed rocks.Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios for bothmicrotremor and earthquake recordings, as well asspectral ratios referred to undisturbed rock sites,were used to quantify local variations of groundmotion. In spite of the diffuse damage in the historiccentre of Nocera Umbra, a small amplification isobserved at the stations on the hill's top. Thissuggests that the higher vulnerability of the ancientbuildings mainly accounts for the diffuse damage inthat part of the town. In the frequency band ofengineering interest (1 to 10 Hz) the largestamplifications of ground motion are found at softsites: in the Topino river valley, where many episodesof severe structural damage occurred, spectralamplification is significant over a broad frequencyband ranging from 2 Hz to more than 20 Hz. Inparticular, in the central part of the valley highamplification (〉 4) is found from 3 to 10 Hz,reaching a maximum of 20 around 4 Hz. At the edge ofthe valley, close to the soil-to-rock transition,amplification is as large as 10 in a frequency bandranging from 4 to more than 20 Hz. A significantamplification (by a factor of 10 around 10 Hz) isobserved also at one of the rock sites, possibly dueto the presence of a cataclastic zone related to theactivity of a regional fault that altered themechanical properties of the rock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026510300469
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large amplification of ground motion at rock sites within a fault zone in Nocera Umbra (central Italy) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of seismology 4 (2000), S. 543-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-157X
    Keywords: fault zone ; ground motion ; Nocera Umbra ; site effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract During the two mainshocks of September 26, 1997 inthe Umbria-Marche border a strong-motion accelerographrecorded peak ground accelerations as large as 0.6 g,approximately, in the town of Nocera Umbra, atdistances of 10 to 15 km from the epicentres. Thisvalue is significantly larger than expected on thebasis of the usual regressions with magnitude anddistance. A broad-band amplification up to a factor of10 was consistently estimated in previous papers,using both weak and strong motion data recorded at theaccelerograph site during local moderate earthquakes.To study the cause of this amplification we deployedsix seismologic stations across the tectonic contactbetween the Ceno-Mesozoic limestone and the Mesozoicmarly sandstone where the accelerograph is installed.Seismograms of 21 shallow aftershocks in the magnituderange from 2.2 to 4.0 and a subcrustal Mw = 5.3event are analysed. Regardless of epicentre location,waveforms show a large complexity in an approximately200 m wide band adjacent to the tectonic contact. Thisis interpreted as the effect of trapped waves in thehighly fractured, lower velocity materials within thefault zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026559901378
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and molecular characterisation of the gene encoding the cytoplasmic ribosomal protein S28 in Prunus persica [L.] Batsch (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 263 (2000), S. 201-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsPrunus persica ; Ribosomal proteins ; Gene expression ; Gene regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract RT-PCR was performed on peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) RNA to isolate cDNAs corresponding to transcripts which are differentially expressed in leaves borne on basal and apical shoots. A gene was identified which was more highly expressed in the leaves of basal shoots, and codes for the cytoplasmic protein S28 present in the small ribosomal subunit. The 5′ leader regions of RPS28 mRNAs were found to harbour 8–11 pyrimidine tracts, which suggested similarities to regulatory stretches that control the translation of mRNAs for ribosomal proteins in animals. The peach S28 is encoded by two intron-containing genes, which are both transcribed in mitotically active tissues such as developing leaves and roots. In situ hybridisation to shoot vegetative apices and the measurement of nucleus/nucleolus ratios indicated that RPS28 expression was confined to areas undergoing active cell division. The mature RPS28 mRNA was detected as a single species in actively dividing tissues such as apical tips, developing leaves, vegetative buds, stamens, developing fruits and roots. In contrast, accumulation of a precursor RNA, in the presence of the mature product, was found in fully expanded leaves and subtending stems, while only the precursor species was detected in several late-stage tissues. This phenomenon suggested that expression of the mature RNA is controlled at the level of splicing and turnover of the precursor RNA. This is similar to the mode of regulation of ribosomal protein genes in animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051161
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  • 4
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    Circadian Behavioral Study: LED vs Cool White Fluorescent - 0.1, 1, 10, 40, 80 lux (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Currently, the light source most commonly used in animal habitat lighting is cool white fluorescent (CWF) light. It was the objective of this study to evaluate a novel LED light source for use in animal habitat lighting by comparing its effectiveness to CWF light in producing and maintaining a normal circadian entrainment. The LED and CWF lights had similar spectral power distributions. Sprague-Dawley rats (175-350 g) were kept individually in metabolic cages, under a strict lighting control: 4 days of acclimation at 12:12 LD, 14 days of 12:12 LD, 14 days of 24:0 LD (free-run), and finally 12:12 LD. Food and water were provided ad libitum. Three behavioral parameters were monitored continuously: gross locomotor activity, drinking, and feeding. Combined mean free run periods (tau) were (mean +/- SEM): 24.6 +/- 0.1 and 24.7 +/- 0.2 at 0.1 lux, 25.5 +/- 0.1 and 25.7 +/- 0.1 at 1.0 lux, 25.3 +/- 0.2 and 25.4 +/- 0.2 at 10 lux, 25.8 +/- 0.1 and 25.9 +/- 0.1 at 40 lux, and 25.9 +/- 0.1 and 25.9 +/- 0.1 at 80 lux, CWF and LED respectively. ANOVA found a significant effect (p 〈 0.05) due to light level, but no difference in tau between rats exposed to constant CWF light and rats exposed to constant LED light. This study has shown that LED light can produce the same entrainment pattern as a conventional CWT light at similar intensities (0.1, 1, 10, 40, and 80 lux). LED light sources may be a suitable replacement for conventional light sources used in animal habitat lighting while providing many mechanical and economical advantages.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) for Primary Animal Habitat Lighting in Highly Controlled Environments (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Significant alterations in Biological Clock responses have been reported following sidereal time changes (e.g., Jet-lag), and exposure to microgravity (e.g., daytime sleepiness). Additionally, light reduces circulating melatonin (spectral specificity greatest between 450-500 nm). It was hypothesized that LEDs can replace the current light sources used in zero gravity and terrestrial research laboratories because of their small size, low mass, low energy consumption and long functional life. This report evaluates the capacity of LEDs to entrain the circadian system of rats as judged by measurement of overt behavioral circadian rhythms (activity, feeding, drinking). These data were collected in highly controlled environments similar to the shuttle Animal Enclosure Modules. Two groups were compared: control - animals exposed to standard cool-white fluorescent lights, and test - animals exposed to LEDs with a spectral power distribution matching the fluorescent lights. Gross locomotor activity, feeding and drinking frequencies were continuously monitored and stored at 10 minute intervals. Animals were exposed to the following photoperiods: 28 days of 12L:12D, 19 days of 24L:0D and 16 days of 12L:12D. Light intensities tested varied between 0.1 to 100 lux. Rats received food and water ad libitum, and temperature and humidity were controlled throughout the study. The general health status of all rats was acceptable for each day of this study. No incidents of aggressive behavior were observed. Growth, locomotor activity, food and water consumption were comparable for all groups of animals, i.e, the circadian characteristics of the animals under these conditions were comparable. These results indicate that LED arrays are as effective in maintaining circadian rhythm stability as the commonly used cool-white fluorescent light sources. LEDs with their flexible spectrum, low energy requirements and minimal heat production have advantages for some chronopharmacology studies and for microgravity animal habitats.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: 7th International Conference on Chronopharmacology and Chronotherapeutics; Sep 10, 1996 - Sep 14, 1996; Heidelberg; Germany
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Light-Emitting Diodes and Cool White Fluorescent Light Similarly Suppress Pineal Gland Melatonin and Maintain Retinal Function and Morphology in the Rat (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Currently, the light sources most commonly used in animal habitat lighting are cool white fluorescent or incandescent lamps. We evaluated a novel light-emitting diode (LED) light source for use in animal habitat lighting by comparing its effectiveness to cool white fluorescent light (CWF) in suppressing pineal gland melatonin and maintaining normal retinal physiology and morphology in the rat. Results of pineal melatonin suppression experiments showed equal suppression of pineal melatonin concentrations for LED light and CWF light at five different light illuminances (100, 40, 10, 1 and 0.1 lux). There were no significant differences in melatonin suppression between LED and CWF light when compared to unexposed controls. Retinal physiology was evaluated using electroretinography. Results show no differences in a-wave implicit times and amplitudes or b-wave implicit times and amplitudes between 100-lux LED-exposed rats and 100-lux CWF-exposed rats. Results of retinal histology assessment show no differences in retinal thickness rod outer segment length and number of rod nuclei between rats exposed to 100-lux LED and 100-lux CWF for days. Furthermore, the retinal pigmented epithelium and rod outer segments of all eyes observed were in good condition and of normal thickness. This study indicates that LED light does not cause retinal damage and can suppress pineal melatonin at similar intensities as a conventional CWF light source. These data suggest that LED light sources may be suitable replacements for conventional light sources used in the lighting of rodent vivariums while providing many mechanical and economical advantages.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Study of site effects in the area of Nocera Umbra (central Italy) during the 1997 Umbria-Marche seismic sequence (2007)
    Kluwer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During the ML = 5.6 and 5.8 earthquakes occurred in central Italy on 26 September 1997 the historic centre of Nocera Umbra, lying on top of a 120 m high hill, was diffusely damaged (VII-VIII degrees of MCS intensity). Some recently built houses in the modern part of the town suffered an even higher level of damage. A temporary seismic array was deployed to investigate a possible correlation between local amplifications of ground motion in this area and the observed pattern of damage. After a geologic and macroseismic survey, eight sites were selected as representative of different local conditions, such as topographic irregularities, sharp hard-to-soft lithology transitions, alluvium-filled valleys, and both undisturbed and deformed rocks. Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios for both microtremor and earthquake recordings, as well as spectral ratios referred to undisturbed rock sites, were used to quantify local variations of ground motion. In spite of the diffuse damage in the historic centre of Nocera Umbra, a small amplification is observed at the stations on the hill’s top. This suggests that the higher vulnerability of the ancient buildings mainly accounts for the diffuse damage in that part of the town. In the frequency band of engineering interest (1 to 10 Hz) the largest amplifications of ground motion are found at soft sites: in the Topino river valley, where many episodes of severe structural damage occurred, spectral amplification is significant over a broad frequency band ranging from 2 Hz to more than 20 Hz. In particular, in the central part of the valley high amplification (〉 4) is found from 3 to 10 Hz, reaching a maximum of 20 around 4 Hz. At the edge of the valley, close to the soil-to-rock transition, amplification is as large as 10 in a frequency band ranging from 4 to more than 20 Hz. A significant amplification (by a factor of 10 around 10 Hz) is observed also at one of the rock sites, possibly due to the presence of a cataclastic zone related to the activity of a regional fault that altered the mechanical properties of the rock.
    Description: Published
    Description: 555-565
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: site effects ; Nocera Umbra ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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