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  • 1
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    O2/1 Delta/ emission in the day and night airglow of Venus (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An intense airglow from O2(1 Delta) at 1.27 microns on both the light and the dark sides of Venus has been detected by using a ground-based high-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometer. Both dayglow and nightglow are roughly 1,000 times brighter than the visible O2 nightglow found by Veneras 9 and 10 in 1975. The column emission rate of O2(1 Delta) from Venus is close to the rate at which fresh O atoms are produced from photolysis of CO2 on the day side. Formation of O2(1 Delta) is thus a major step in the removal of O atoms from the atmosphere, and dynamical processes must carry these atoms to the night side fast enough to yield a maximum density near 90 km, which is almost constant over the planet.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 233
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Spectroscopic observations of winds on Venus (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Measurements of the differential Doppler shift between various points on Venus using a high-resolution PEPSIOS interferometer. Using both a CO2 line and a Fraunhofer line a mean zonal-wind velocity of about -83 m/s is found near the equator; the velocity appears to vary from about -2 to -125 m/s with a time scale of greater than one week. Meridional velocities are measured to be weak. The equatorial zonal velocity appears to be smaller in the 'morning' than in the 'afternoon'. A comparison with reported velocities of the ultraviolet dark markings reveals general agreement in that both find the motion to be retrograde, variable, and accelerated during the day. A new potential source of systematic error in all spectroscopic determinations of the differential Doppler shift of nonuniformly illuminated objects is pointed out.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 3
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    Retrograde winds on Venus - Possible periodic variations (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Spectroscopic observations of the differential Doppler shift in a CO2 absorption line on Venus show that the upper atmospheric wind near the equator appears to have both a retrograde motion of about -85 + or - 10 m/s (confirming previous results) and, in addition, a periodically varying component, with an amplitude of about 40 + or - 14 m/s and a period of 4.3 + or - 0.2 days.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 227
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Detection of O2 dayglow emission from Mars and the Martian ozone abundance (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: High-resolution spectroscopy of Mars in the vicinity of 1.27 microns has revealed the presence of emission lines of O2 which are interpreted as the result of production of O2(1 delta g) in the ultraviolet photolysis of Martian ozone. In the equatorial region of Mars, the dayglow intensity implies an ozone abundance near 0.2 microatm, which seems consistent with theoretical models which utilize the measured water-vapor abundance. A much larger ozone abundance exists in the atmosphere at high winter latitude, in agreement with direct measurement of ozone absorption performed by the Mariner spacecraft.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 207; Aug. 1
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    The latitude variation of O2 dayglow and O3 abundance on Mars (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Spectroscopic observations of the Martian O2 dayglow near 1.27 microns directly show that the parent molecule, O3, has a strong latitude variation. These measurements give actual data on the equatorial concentrations, where Mariner gave only upper limits. The data also agree with a recent photochemical model, and the derived atmospheric temperature is in good agreement with this model.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 229
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    The effective temperature of Uranus (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Uranus was observed in the spectral region from 40 to 250 microns with a 102-cm balloon-borne telescope, and the results were interpreted in terms of model atmosphere calculations to yield an effective temperature of 58 plus or minus 3 K; this sets an upper limit of about 28 per cent on the relative contribution of an internal heat source to the total thermal radiation. On the same flight, the brightness temperatures of Venus (215 plus or minus 13 K) and Jupiter (135 plus or minus 6 K) were also measured, thus reconfirming the existence of an internal heat source for Jupiter.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 209; Oct. 15
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Far-infrared observations of Uranus, Neptune, and Ceres (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: During a single flight of our 102 cm balloon-borne telescope and 40-250 micron photometer we observed Uranus, Neptune, Ceres, Venus, Mars, and Saturn. Effective temperatures for Uranus (58.5 plus or minus 2 K) and Neptune (59.7 plus or minus 4 K) were determined, thus confirming the absence of a substantial internal heat source for Uranus and the presence of one for Neptune. Ceres has a brightness temperature of 195 plus or minus 12 K at an effective wavelength of 60 microns.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 226
    Format: text
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