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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The ratio for the equivalent widths for the unsaturated H2 quadrupole transitions observed in the Jovian planets is calculated and compared with a large number of observations. The comparison indicates that equilibrium hydrogen may be present in Jupiter and Saturn, while Uranus and Neptune exhibit ratios not in accord with equilibrium hydrogen. Observations which can differentiate among the possible states of H2 are proposed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 33; Jan. 197
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  • 2
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: High-spectral-resolution images of Saturn over the wavelengths of the 6196.8-A feature of CH4 were obtained and used to extract line profiles for the observed feature over the disk of Saturn and to determine the spatial variation of the equivalent width at the time of the observations. The result of the observations is consistent only with a single class of models for the vertical structure of the atmosphere of Saturn, namely, the homogeneous scattering models. Reflecting-layer or two-layer models are at a striking variance with the observations. With these data, the requirements for new observations to determine the finer details of the vertical structure of Saturn's atmosphere can be specified.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 46; May 1981
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is found that the equivalent widths of the lines of the 4-0 H2 quadrupole band on Uranus and Neptune are substantially smaller than the values found by some previous observers. An analysis of the results based on a range of atmospheric models yields H2 abundances of 240 + or - 60 km-amagats for Uranus and greater than approximately 200 km amagats for Neptune.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 43; Aug. 198
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The vibrational dependence of self-broadening of molecular hydrogen lines results in a desaturation of quadrupole absorption lines long thought to be highly saturated in planetary atmospheres. This desaturation significantly alters H2 abundances in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune. Baseline models are presented to illustrate the effects of the revision of this fundamental H2 parameter.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 271; Aug. 15
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A profile and equivalent width for the 6451.1-A feature of the 6450-A band of ammonia at the equator and south pole of Saturn have been measured. Estimates for the NH3 abundance at the center of the disk which vary from 0.4 to 5 m-am, depending upon the atmospheric model used, lead to uncertainties in the NH3/H2 ratio which are greater than a factor of 10. Half-widths for theoretical line profiles computed from models in which the NH3 absorption occurs at a pressure level of 1.0 atm agree with the observed profiles. NH3/H2 ratios have been obtained which range from 0.00001 to 0.00002 for Jupiter.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 42; Apr. 198
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A high-resolution spectrum of the series of lines near 6825 A presumably due to CH4 has been obtained for Uranus. The line spacings are in agreement with the previous observations of Owen (1966), Bergstralh (1975), and Belton and Hayes (1975) but not with the laboratory observations reported by Lutz and Owen (1976). It is proposed that the transitions identified by Lutz and Owen are not correlated one-to-one with those features observed in the planets. Wavelength differences of up to 0.8 A are found between the laboratory and planetary features, where the resolving power allows one to specify the line positions to better than + or - 0.07 A. The spectrum obtained for Neptune is in essential agreement with that for Uranus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 215
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations of the linear polarization in the fully resolved 6818.8 A feature of CH4 in Saturn and Uranus show dramatic changes of linear polarization across the line profile. The change in position angle of polarization across the line core, especially for Saturn, indicates a likely Rayleigh scattering origin for the observed polarization.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 57; 228-230
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  • 8
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: HIG-CONTRIB-1237-VOL-2 , Hawaii Univ. Contrib. of the Hawaii Inst. of Geophys., Vol. 2; 7 p
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 207; July 15
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: We present the results of an analysis of the effects of atmospheric seeing and of instrumental spectral and spatial resolution on the observed variation of absorption-line profiles across the disk of Jupiter. The technique described may be applied equally well to the analysis of observations of any extended astronomical source. These results show the necessity of obtaining accurate point-spread-function information during the course of observations of this nature. We also point out that in order to avoid the uncertainties and ambiguities inherent in attempts at deconvolution of observational data, one must properly convolve the appropriate spatial and spectral resolution functions with the models being tested and then compare the results with the observational data.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 217
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