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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (7)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A feature was detected at the expected wavelength for the HD R5(0) line in Jupiter's and Uranus' atmospheres. An upper limit for Neptune was also found. Added to the earlier detection of a similar feature for Saturn, it is proposed that all evidence from this type of measurement can be interpreted as arising from a D/H ratio of about .0004 for all the major planets. This value is not in agreement with measurements from CH3D transitions, and is at least fifty times the accepted interstellar medium value of 5 x .000001, implying deuterium enhancement in the solar system via fractionation in the proto-solar nebula.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Inst. for Space Studies The Jovian Atmospheres; p 110
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations of the linear polarization in the fully resolved 6818.8 A feature of CH4 in Saturn and Uranus show dramatic changes of linear polarization across the line profile. The change in position angle of polarization across the line core, especially for Saturn, indicates a likely Rayleigh scattering origin for the observed polarization.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 57; 228-230
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  • 3
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations of emission from sodium presumed to have been ejected from Io in the orbital plane of the Gallilean satellites and extending outward to at least 35 Jupiter radii are reported. Spectra of the sodium D line were observed to have an intensity of 20 to 30 R. Mechanisms for the escape of sodium from Io after sputtering from the surface are: (1) ejection from Io at velocities greater than Jupiter escape velocity, (2) ejection at velocities corresponding to orbits with apoapses of 35 Jupiter radii, and (3) ionization followed by magnetic field sweeping and recombination. The relative contributions of each mechanism are estimated and used to predict the sodium emission intensity at 35 Jupiter radii to be 7 to 8 R, a value considered to be in reasonable agreement with observations. Observations of emission line width and the correlation of intensity with the orbital phase of Io would provide further means of evaluating the proposed mechanisms of sodium ejection.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 38; Apr. 197
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  • 4
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Observations of Jupiter's spectrum near the R5(0) HD line at 6063.88 A are reported. A feature with an equivalent width of 0.065 + or - 0.021 mA is coincident with the expected line. This feature is compared with HD profiles computed for inhomogeneous scattering models for Jupiter to yield a range for the Jovian D/H ratio of 1.0-2.9 x 10 to the -5th. This D/H ratio is in the lower range of previously reported D/H values for Jupiter and corresponds to an essentially solar D/H ratio for Jupiter. The detection of HD features in the presence of probable blends with spectral features of minor atmospheric hydrocarbon molecules is discussed. Such blends may make unambiguous identification of HD features difficult.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 336; 967-970
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Searches for absorption features of HD near 6050 A are reported for Uranus and Neptune. The existence of blends of the HD features with weak features due to minor species in the atmosphere of Uranus is demonstrated. These blends make the unambiguous identification of the weak HD features exceedingly difficult. The data are analyzed with inhomogeneous scattering models to ascertain a D/H upper limit for Uranus and Neptune of 0.0001, a factor of 2 smaller than the upper limit reported from CH3D measurements.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 336; 962-966
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Spectral profiles of the H2 S4(0) and S4(1) lines are presented for Neptune on three consecutive nights; no variation is detected in the equivalent widths of the H2 4-0 features to within an observational uncertainty of about 20 percent. Comparisons with previous H2 quadrupole observations indicate that no secular trends have been detected over about 15 yr. The equivalent-width error limits are interpreted in terms of the maximum variability of Neptunian tropospheric aerosols. Specifically, the error bars for the globally averaged equivalent widths of the two H2 quadrupole absorption features constrain the bottom of the visible atmosphere, as defined by a bright optically infinite isotropically scattering cloud, to be 2.9 + or - 0.6 bars, while the methane haze opacity is constrained to be 0.30 + or - 0.25.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 343; 450-455
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: In the wake of the detection of Jupiter's H2 S4(2) feature, low-temperature laboratory measurements of NH3 are used in a detailed analysis to ascertain an improved equivalent width for the H2 S4(0) line. Good agreement is obtained between equivalent widths computed from published models and the equivalent widths observed for this line. It is noted that the approximately 150 K effective formation line temperature at Jupiter's averaged disk center, which has been determined from the nominal S4(2)/S4(0) ratio, is in keeping with an H2 ortho-para ratio for Jovian equilibrium tropospheric H2.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 81; 429-440
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