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  • 1
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    Pioneer 11 observations of trapped particle absorption by Amalthea (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The discovery of a microsignatury of trapped radiation in the Amalthea orbit as detected by Pioneer 11 in a flyby of Juptier in 1974 is reported and its implications for the radial diffusion coefficient in Jupiter's inner magnetosphere are discussed. A low energy telescope registered the absorption of low-energy protons as a function of the magnetic L shell durig inbound and outbound trajectories. Drift velocities of the 1 MeV particles were calculated. No correspondingly heightened effects were observed from high-energy electrons or heavier nuclei. Further analysis of the 0.5-8.7 MeV protons showed data to be consistent erosion of the particle drift shadows by a diffusion process. A limit was calculated for the highest diffusion coefficient value for the 1 MeV protons at the Amalthea orbit. The results indicate that the diffusion is driven by fluctuating electric or magnetic fields.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Jan. 1
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  • 2
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    Pioneer 11 observations of trapped particle absorption by the Jovian ring and the satellites 1979, J1, J2, and J3 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Pioneer 11 low energy telescope observation of charged particles around the Jovian satellites Amalthea, 1979 J1, J2, and J3, and the Jupiter ring are examined in the light of Voyager optical data from the same region. Good agreement was found in the absorption features of 0.5-8.7 MeV protons, electrons with energies of 3.4 MeV or more, and medium-Z nuclei. The heavier nuclei are suggested to be oxygen and sulfur particles with energies exceeding 70 MeV/nucleon. The observed intensity features in the regularly spaced radiation bands are interpreted as ring and satellite absorption.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Jan. 1
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  • 3
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    The trapped radiations of Saturn and their absorption by satellites and rings (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Pioneer 11 encounter with Saturn has revealed the existence of a fully developed magnetosphere with high-energy trapped radiation about Saturn. The present paper gives a detailed summary of the energetic charged particle measurements, including the overall characteristics of the trapped electron, proton, and helium radiation, which was found to lie inside 20 Saturn radii from the planet, and the regions extending outward to beyond the planetary bow shocks and into the interplanetary medium.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Nov. 1
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  • 4
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    Saturnian trapped radiation and its absorption by satellites and rings - The first results from Pioneer 11 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Preliminary results from Pioneer 11 concerning the acceleration and trapping of charged particles in the magnetic field of Saturn are reported. The identification and measurement of the intensities and spectra of charged particle species was performed by an experiment including four charged particle sensor systems, within 20 Saturn radii of the planet. Increases in the intensity of 0.5- to 1.8-MeV protons within 15 Saturn radii indicate the trapping and acceleration of particles in the dipole field region, while a decrease in proton intensity between seven and four Saturn radii is attributed to absorption by Dione and Enceladus and possibly ring material as well. Proton and electron intensity distributions are found to be axially symmetric within four Saturn radii, indicating a centered dipole aligned with the planetary rotation axis. Trapped radiation absorption at the orbit of Mimas is analyzed to obtain an upper limit of 4 x 10 to the -8th Saturn radii-squared/sec to the inward diffusion coefficient; an absorption-like feature observed at L = 2.5 is attributed to a previously unidentified satellite of diameter less than 200 km and semimajor axis 2.51 Saturn radii. Radiation absorption by the newly discovered F ring was also observed, however beneath the A, B and C rings a low flux of high-energy electrons was detected.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 207; Jan. 25
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  • 5
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    High-energy trapped radiation penetrating the rings of Saturn (1980)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Electrons and protons of energies from 2 to 25 MeV and greater than 67 MeV, respectively, have been discovered throughout the entire equatorial region inward from the outer edge of the A ring at L = 2.3 to the periapsis of the Pioneer trajectory at L = 1.3. The trapped radiation found in Saturn's magnetosphere beyond L = 2.3 is totally absent here. The present paper deals with the measurements in this region under the rings, and their interpretation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Nov. 1
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  • 6
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    Jupiter revisited - First results from the University of Chicago charged particle experiment on Pioneer 11 (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The data obtained by Pioneer 11 confirmed results from Pioneer 10 and provided new information for an understanding of the physics of the Jovian magnetosphere. Attention is given to the significance of Pioneer 11 data in relation to two fundamentally different models which have been proposed to account for the variations in the electron flux observed in Jupiter's outer magnetosphere. Proton flux characteristics are considered, taking into account the intensity profiles of energetic particles trapped in the dipole region of Jupiter's magnetic field.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 188; May 2
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  • 7
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    Characteristics of Jovian trapped electrons and protons for the region within 20 Jupiter radii and their interaction with Io (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: A brief summary is given of Pioneer 10 observations of trapped particles in the inner-core region (within 20 Jupiter radii) of the Jovian magnetosphere. The three sensor systems used to study trapped radiation in this region are described. Intensity profiles are plotted as a function of magnetic-shell parameter (L) for electrons with energies of at least 3 MeV, protons with energies of at least 35 MeV, and protons with energies between 0.5 and 1.8 MeV. The effect of trapped-particle absorption by Io is clearly seen in the intensity profiles of all the observed particle species, and evidence is presented for preferential absorption of small-pitch-angle particles by Io. Conclusive evidence is given for the fact that Jupiter's trapped radiation is maintained by the inward diffusion of particles across L shells.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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