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  • 1
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    Radio emissions from Uranus (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The hardware of the Planetary Radio Astronomy Experiment aboard Voyager 2 and the results of the measurements of radio emissions from Uranus are described. Strong 40-kHz to 850-kHz radio emissions were detected after closest approach on the day-side of Uranus. The time variations of these emissions were periodic, with a period of 17.24 h closely matching that of Uranus's rotation and evidently being controlled by the strength and shape of its magnetic field. The instrument also recorded possible Uranian electrostatic discharges, vertex early arcs occurring in sequences of more than a dozen events with approximately 10-min period, and very intense isolated bursts lasting tens of minutes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 7; 12, 1; 243-251
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  • 2
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    Jupiter's and Saturn's fine-scale magnetic fields (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In situ magnetic field data from Jupiter and Saturn are used to interpret earth-based microwave observations for all areas except Branson's hot spot on Jupiter. It is found that Jupiter's field is strongly dipolar but has large high-order moments compared with the magnetic field of the earth. Decametric emissions of Jupiter have a complex rotational pattern which appears to have been stable since 1980. Microwave observations Saturn's radio emissions were strongly asymmetric along the rotational axis, indicating the presence of longitudinal variations in the magnetic fields a thousand kilometers from the cloud tops. The magnetic fields within a few thousand kilmeters of the cloud tops of both Jupiter and Saturn could not be identified.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (ISSN 0031-9201); 36; 85-89
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  • 3
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    Mojave remote sensing field experiment (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Mojave Remote Sensing Field Experiment (MFE), conducted in June 1988, involved acquisition of Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS); C, L, and P-band polarimetric radar (AIRSAR) data; and simultaneous field observations at the Pisgah and Cima volcanic fields, and Lavic and Silver Lake Playas, Mojave Desert, California. A LANDSAT Thematic Mapper (TM) scene is also included in the MFE archive. TM-based reflectance and TIMS-based emissivity surface spectra were extracted for selected surfaces. Radiative transfer procedures were used to model the atmosphere and surface simultaneously, with the constraint that the spectra must be consistent with field-based spectral observations. AIRSAR data were calibrated to backscatter cross sections using corner reflectors deployed at target sites. Analyses of MFE data focus on extraction of reflectance, emissivity, and cross section for lava flows of various ages and degradation states. Results have relevance for the evolution of volcanic plains on Venus and Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1990; p 296-297
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  • 4
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    Mars: Definition and characterization of global surface units with emphasis on composition (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Viking 2 approach maps of red and violet normal albedo are used to define units of similar optical properties for a large area of the Martian surface. Computer processing of these data reveals clusters of albedo values relating to specific, contiguous regions of the planet, with some unit boundaries being of a gradational nature while others are more discrete. A study of the albedo properties of analog materials measured in the laboratory, and of telescopic spectrophotometry of Mars, indicates that both hydroxylated and hematitic oxidized materials exist on the surface. The most probable surface expression of global dust and/or high albedo soils is in the classical bright region, Arabia. Most low albedo features in the region studied have red and violet albedos that are consistent with a dark substrate, such as basalt, coated by, or mixed with, a fine grained alteration product.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 5
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    IUE observations of solar system objects (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: During the scientific commissioning phase of IUE several spectra were acquired from objects residing in the Solar System. The activities focused on testing numerous parameters which would indicate the usefulness of IUE for planetary science. It seems that IUE can successfully tackle many important questions and the data analysis and interpretation of the initial set of observations has begun.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 275; Oct. 5
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  • 6
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    Impulsive radio discharges near Saturn (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Nonthermal radio emissions from the Saturn system were first detected by the Voyager planetary radio astronomy (PRA) experiment on board Voyager 1 in January 1980. Since then emission between 100 kHz and 1 MHz from the planet, termed Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR), has been received almost continuously. A description is presented of eight characteristics which have been fairly well defined by the Voyager 1 encounter. These include a very flat broadband frequency spectrum, a period of approximately 10 h 10 min, a change in the envelope shape of episodes between pre and postencounter, an intensity population structure typical of plural populations, and an episodic structure of a width of approximately 180 deg. It was found that postencounter episodes continue for about three times as long as preencounter ones, and that postencounter bursts are left-circularly polarized at high frequencies. At least one episode shows the onset of high frequency events some time before that of lower frequency ones.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 292; Aug. 20
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  • 7
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    The source of Saturn electrostatic discharges (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: During both Voyager encounters with the saturnian system, the Planetary Radio Astronomy experiment detected strong discrete episodic bursts of radio emission, termed Saturn electrostatic discharges (SED). An examination of Voyager 2 photopolarimeter data now reveals a narrow feature (possibly a gap) in Saturn's B ring. A single, unique object appears to be responsible for both the SED and this feature.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 299; Sept. 16
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  • 8
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    Saturn as a radio source (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Magnetospheric radio emissions, Saturn electrostatic discharges, inferred source locations, and emission theories are addressed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 9
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    Saturn's electrostatic discharges - Properties and theoretical considerations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The properties of Saturn's electrostatic discharges (SED) as observed by the Voyager Planetary Radio Astronomy experiment during the two Voyager encounters with Saturn are summarized. Several models for the formation of SED are discussed in light of these observations. The most likely source regions appear to be either the equatorial zone of the planet or the dense part of the B ring near 1.80 Saturn radii. The strengths and weaknesses of each of these possibilities are examined. Neither possibility accounts fully for the observed SED properties in a simple way. A search for an anomaly near 1.80 Saturn radii in the data of other experiments aboard Voyager has been carried out, and at least one and possibly more such experiments do indeed obtain anomalous data at this point in the ring system. There thus appears to be unexplained phenomena at this point, independent of the PRA data, and it is a short step to postulate that a single object may be the cause of all such phenomena.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0019-1035)
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  • 10
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    Electrostatic discharges in Saturn's B-ring (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Voyager observations of electrical discharges in Saturn's rings strongly support earlier speculations on the role played by electrostatics, magnetic fields, and lightning phenomena in the primitive solar system. They also suggest conditions then by direct analogy rather than by extrapolating backwards through time from conditions now. The observed discharges show a pronounced 10h periodicity, which suggests a source in Keplerian orbit at 1.80 + or - 0.01 Saturn radii. In that region, the B ring is thicker than optical depth 1.8 for about 5,000 km. At 1.805 + or - 0.001 Saturn radii, however, the ring is virtually transparent for a gap of width 200 m. It is concluded that a small satellite orbits Saturn at that radius and clears the gap. The gap edges must prevent diffusive filling of the gap by fine material which is especially abundant at this position in the rings and would otherwise destroy the gap in minutes. The discharges represent the satellite's interaction with the outer edge of the gap. Spoke formation may involve the interaction of ring material in the vicinity of the gap.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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