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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (27)
  • Voyager  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition of anomalous cosmic rays and implications for the heliosphere (1996)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 78 (1996), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: abundances ; anomalous cosmic rays ; Voyager ; interstellar medium ; heliosphere ; solar wind termination shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We use energy spectra of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) measured with the Cosmic Ray instrument on the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft during the period 1994/157-313 to determine several parameters of interest to heliospheric studies. We estimate that the strength of the solar wind termination shock is 2.42 (−0.08, +0.04). We determine the composition of ACRs by estimating their differential energy spectra at the shock and find the following abundance ratios: H/He = 5.6 (−0.5, +0.6), C/He = 0.00048 ± 0.00011, N/He = 0.011 ± 0.001, O/He = 0.075 ± 0.006, and Ne/He = 0.0050 ± 0.0004. We correlate our observations with those of pickup ions to deduce that the long-term ionization rate of neutral nitrogen at 1 AU is ∼ 8.3 × 10−7 s−1 and that the charge-exchange cross section for neutral N and solar wind protons is ∼ 1.0 × 10−15 cm2 at 1.1 keV. We estimate that the neutral C/He ratio in the outer heliosphere is 1.8(−0.7, +0.9) × 10−5. We also find that heavy ions are preferentially injected into the acceleration process at the termination shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170798
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Solar Modulation (1998)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 83 (1998), S. 51-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: anomalous cosmic rays ; Pioneer 10 ; SAMPEX ; Voyager ; solar modulation ; heliosphere ; solar wind termination shock ; diffusion coefficient ; gradients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We review aspects of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) that bear on the solar modulation of energetic particles in the heliosphere. We show that the latitudinal and radial gradients of these particles exhibit a 22-year periodicity in concert with the reversal of the Sun's magnetic field. The power-law index of the low energy portion of the energy spectrum of ACRs at the shock in 1996 appears to be ≤ -1.3, suggesting that the strength of the solar wind termination shock at the helioequatorial plane is relatively weak, with s ≤ 2.8. The rigidity dependence of the perpendicular interplanetary mean free path in the outer heliosphere for particles with rigidities between ∼ 0.2 and 0.7 GV varies approximately as R2, where R is particle rigidity. There is evidence that ACR oxygen is primarily multiply charged above ∼ 20 MeV/nuc and primarily singly-charged below ∼ 16 MeV/nuc. The location of the termination shock was at ∼ 65 AU in 1987 and ∼ 85 AU in 1994.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005057010311
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  • 3
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    Voyager at Uranus (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The findings made in the Voyager flyby past Uranus are reviewed. The spacecraft is described, and the preparations for the Uranus encounter are recalled. The encounter characteristics are presented, and the characteristics of the Uranian atmosphere and interior, magnetic field, rings, and satellites are discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0007-084X); 41; 49-62
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    The Voyager 2 encounter with the Neptunian system (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An overview of the Voyager 2 encounter with Neptune is presented, including a brief discussion of the trajectory, the planned observations, and highlights of the results described in the 11 companion papers. Neptune's blue atmosphere has storm systems reminiscent of those in Jupiter's atmosphere. An optically thin methane ice cloud exists near the 1.5-bar pressure level, and an optically thick cloud exists below 3 bars. Neptune's magnetic field is highly tilted and offset from the planet's center; it rotates with a period of 16.11 hours. Two narrow and two broad rings circle the planet; the outermost of these rings has three optically thicker arc segments. Six new moons were discovered in circular prograde orbits, all well inside Triton's retrograde orbit. Triton has a highly reflective and geologically young surface, a thin nitrogen atmosphere, and at least two active geyser-like plumes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 246; 1417-142
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Voyager investigations of the Saturnian System (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A brief review of the objectives and capabilities of the Voyager mission at Saturn is provided. In addition to a description of the eleven Voyager investigations and the Saturn encounter geometry, the scientific capabilities are discussed in the areas of atmospheric, satellite, magnetospheric, and ring studies.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: JPL The Saturn System; p 285-299
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Energetic oxygen and sulfur ions in the Jovian magnetosphere and their contribution to the auroral excitation (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; July 1
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    The Mimas ghost revisited: An analysis of the electron flux and electron microsignatures observed in the vicinity of Mimas at Saturn (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An analysis of the electron absorption signature observed by the Cosmic Ray System (CRS) on Voyage 2 near the orbit of Mimas is presented. We find that these observations cannot be explained as the absorption signature of Mimas. Combing Pioneer 11 and Voyager 2 measurements of the electron flux at Mimas's orbit (L=3.1), we find an electron spectrum where most of the flux above approx 100 keV is concentrated near 1 to 3 MeV. The expected Mimas absorption signature is calculated from this spectrum neglecting radial diffusion. A lower limit on the diffusion coefficient for MeV electrons is obtained. With a diffusion coefficient this large, both the Voyager 2 and the Pioneer 11 small-scale electron absorption signature observations in Mimas's orbit are enigmatic. Thus we refer to the mechanism for producing these signatures as the Mimas ghost. A cloud of material in orbit with Mimas may account for the observed electron signature if the cloud is at least 1% opaque to electrons across a region extending over a few hundred kilometers.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-174596 , NAS 1.26:174596 , ATR-83(9990)-3
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  • 8
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    How Voyager 2 has been reprogrammed (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Pioneer 11 and the Voyager 1 encounters with Saturn have revealed a remarkable richness and diversity of physical phenomena. As a result of these discoveries and of continued earth-based studies, major changes have been made in the observations planned for Voyager 2. A description is presented of some of the opportunities for new observations to be made by Voyager 2, taking into account four major areas of investigation, including the atmosphere, rings, satellites, and magnetosphere. The study of the dynamics of Saturn's atmosphere is of interest because Saturn, like Jupiter, is a giant rapidly-rotating body composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, encircled by bands of clouds of frozen ammonia. More information is to be obtained concerning the B-ring and the F-ring, and images with better resolution of Hyperion and Iapetus are to be returned.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 292; Aug. 20
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Energetic oxygen and sulfur in the Jovian magnetosphere (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Measurements made in the Jovian magnetosphere by the cosmic ray subsystem on Voyager 1 and 2 are reported. Energy spectra of oxygen ions in the energy range 1-20 MeV/nuc between 5 and 20 Jovian radii are presented, and phase space densities are calculated. A steep positive radial gradient in the phase space density of the energetic oxygen ions is observed, indicating an inward diffusive flow. The upper limit on the rate at which oxygen ions with greater than 400 MeV/nuc-G diffuse across 10 Jovian radii is calculated to be 5 x 10 to the 21st ions per second, indicating that about 10 to the -7th of the ions from Io are accelerated to over 400 MeV/nuc-G and diffuse to 10 Jovian radii. Observations also suggest that oxygen and sulfur ions in the Io plasma torus diffuse radially outward, are nonadiabatically accelerated in a region outside 17 Jovian radii, and diffuse inward and outward from the accelerated region.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Oct. 1
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Voyager 1 encounter with the Saturnian system (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Voyager 1 Saturn flyby mission of March 1979 is reviewed, with brief discussions of its flight, trajectory, science plan formulation and telemetered data. Analytical results of such data with respect to Saturn's atmosphere, rings, icy satellites, Titan satellite atmosphere and the Saturn magnetosphere, are summarized. The Voyager science investigations comprise imaging science (ISS), infrared radiation (IRIS), photopolarimetry (PPS), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UVS), radio science (RSS), magnetic fields (MAG), plasma particles (PLS), plasma waves (PWS), planetary radio astronomy (PRA), low energy charged particles (LECP), and cosmic-ray particles (CRS).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 212; Apr. 10
    Format: text
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