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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a direct relationship between mitochondrial genome organization and regeneration ability in hexaploid wheat somatic tissue cultures (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 14 (1988), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Genomic variability ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Somatic tissue culture ; Regeneration ability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Embryogenic and non-embryogenic long-term callus cultures of hexaploid wheat exhibit differences in the organization of their mitochondrial genome. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic fractions of callus cultures initiated from immature embryos of the wheat cultivar “Chinese Spring” have been isolated and subsequently subcultured. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments using labelled cloned wheat mitochondrial DNA fragments have shown that the mitochondrial DNA organization of embryogenic subcultures derived from embryogenic parts of “Chinese Spring” calli is closely related to that of the initial “Chinese Spring” calli, while non-embryogenic subcultures derived from non-embryogenic fragments of “Chinese Spring” calli exhibit a mitochondrial DNA organization similar to that found in non-embryogenic calli derived from cultivar “Aquila”. In addition, somatic tissue cultures initiated from three other non-embryogenic wheat cultivars (“Talent”, “Thésée” and “Capitole”) display mitochondrial DNA arrangements similar to those found in cultivar “Aquila”. These results strongly suggest that, in wheat callus cultures, a particular mitochondrial genome organization is correlated with the ability of cultured cells to regenerate whole plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419997
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organ/tissue-specific changes in the mitochondrial genome organization of in-vitro cultures derived from different explants of a single wheat variety (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1992), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Somatic tissue culture ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Chondriome variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have previously shown that the mitochondrial genome of long-term tissue cultures prepared from immature embryos of several varieties of cultivated wheat underwent variety-specific rearrangements resulting from either changes in the relative amounts of subgenomic components or from the appearance of novel genomic configurations. In the present work, both categories of rearrangements were studied in long-term tissue cultures initiated from other explants (shoot meristem, young leaf base, young root tip, immature inflorescence) of the same wheat variety (Chinese Spring) and were compared to those previously obtained with immature embryo cultures. Two main patterns of reorganization were found in a region of the mitochondrial genome known to be hypervariable in structure. In addition, some of the novel subgenomic configurations were obviously organ/tissue-specific whereas others were present in more than one type of organ. In several instances, the age of culture was found to determine the degree of mitochondrial DNA rearrangement. The data presented in this study strengthen the hypothesis of an association between a particular organization of the mitochondrial genome in tissue culture and its regeneration capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223837
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple patterns of mtDNA reorganization in plants regenerated from different in vitro cultured explants of a single wheat variety (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1992), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Somatic tissue culture ; Regenerated plants ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Chondriome variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have previously shown that tissue cultures derived from various explants of the wheat variety Chinese Spring exhibit organ/tissue-specific changes in the organization of their mitochondrial genome. The aim of this work was to study the influence of passage out of in-vitro culture, and subsequent plant regeneration, on the in vitro “induced” reorganization of this genome. In all cases but one, subgenomic configurations present in both the donor parent and the tissue culture were evident, in corresponding regenerated plants. The presence, in regenerated plants, of subgenomic configurations found in tissue culture but undetectable in the donor parent appeared to be both timeand organ/tissue-dependent. Moreover, when present, these novel organizations were not systematically found in all regenerated plants. Finally, novel subgenomic configurations were specifically detected after passage out of in-vitro culture. As these results were obtained from a single plant variety, they clearly confirm the extreme plasticity of mitochondrial genome structure in response to in-vitro culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223838
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual inheritance of the mitochondrial genome organization in the progeny of reciprocal crosses between alloplasmic hexaploid wheat regenerants (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 572-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Somatic tissue culture ; Regeneration ; Reciprocal crosses ; Mitochondrial DNA variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The transmission of a structurally-hypervariable fraction of the mitochondrial genome has been studied in 42 F1 progenies obtained from reciprocal crosses between self-pollinated alloplasmic wheat plants regenerated after long-term somatic embryogenesis. This fraction of the genome is maternally and stoichiometrically inherited. In contrast, some additional restriction fragments specific to regenerated plants display a more complex mode of sexual transmission: one of the additional fragments was stoichiometrically and systematically inherited whereas two others were detected only in certain F1 hybrids. Assuming that the detection, by Southern analysis, of such a fragment in regenerated plants is due to the amplification of a pre-existing substoichiometric molecule generated by the activation of a rare recombination event, our results suggest that the probability of detecting a novel fragment in the F1 hybrids could be determined by the length of the repeated sequence at which recombination occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222450
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of the mitochondrial genome organization in in vitro cultures of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid Triticum species (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 968-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum ; Allopolyploidy ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Somatic tissue culture ; Chondriome variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Southern-blot hybridizations of total DNA to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) probes were used to investigate the extent of mtDNA variability in cultures derived from immature embryos of diploid (Triticum monococcum, genomic formula: AA, T. tauschii, genomic formula: DD), allotetraploid (T. durum cv “Creso”, genomic formula: AABB), and allohexaploid (T. aestivum, genomic formula: AABBDD) wheat species. Similar distinct changes in mtDNA organization were observed in in vitro cultures of the derived tetraploid and the hexaploid species with related genomes. The tetraploid and hexaploid species share the B genome and mtDNA variability in in vitro culture is known to be under nuclear control. These results suggest that a study of B genome diploids and other polyploid combinations would now shed light on whether or not mtDNA variability in tissue cultures is under B-genome control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224100
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  • 6
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    Morphology and types of particles of regolith sample from the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A brief description of the morphology of lunar surface material returned by Luna 16 automatic lunar station is given. Adhesiveness of the surface material and its ability to be electrified is noted. Two main genetic groups of regolith particles are differentiated: primary, represented mainly by fragments of magmatic rocks of the basalt and gabbro types, as well as mineralized grains of their constituent minerals, and secondary, particles subjected to appreciable exogenic transformation on the surface of the Moon. The second group, representing more than 70 percent of the material in coarse fractions, includes particles of breccias, sintered aggregates of complex dendritic form, and glass and vitrified particles of varied composition.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 40-50
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  • 7
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    Luna 24 regolith breccias: A possible source of the fine size material of the Luna 24 regolith (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The regolith breccias from the Luna 24 core were analyzed. The Luna 24 regolith is a mixture of fine and coarse grain materials. The comparable analysis of the grain size distributions, the modal and chemical compositions of the breccias, and the regolith from the same levels show that the friable slightly litificated breccia with a friable fine grain matrix may be a source of fine grain material of the Luna 24 present day regolith.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., The Twenty-Fifth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: P-Z; p 1153-1154
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Optical effects of space weathering on lunar soils and the role of the finest fraction (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Lunar soils represent a cumulative product of space weathering and as such they exhibit distinct optical alteration. In comparison to the optical properties of similar rock powders, lunar soils are darker, have weaker diagnostic absorption bands, and exhibit a characteristic red continuum slope between 0.3 and 4.5 microns. Well-developed (mature) lunar soils have a mean grain size of about 60 microns and may contain more than 50 percent agglutinates (complex, glass-welded aggregates) which were previously believed to be the principal carriers of optical alteration resulting from space weathering. A detailed analysis of the spectral reflectance properties of the bulk soil, size separates, and agglutinate separates of several Apollo and Luna soils has been undertaken to evaluate the validity of the agglutinate paradigm for optical effects of space weathering. The data and results are summarized here which indicate that the finest fraction of natural lunar soils, rather than larger complex agglutinates, carries the principal effects of optical alteration. Bidirectional reflectance spectra were obtained using the small sample configuration of the RELAB facility, which accommodates 5-30 mg of material. Spectra are displayed with the labels for individual samples listed in order of brightness.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: N-Z; p 1143-1144
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  • 9
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    Optical effects of space weathering: The role of the finest fraction (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The optical properties of lunar soils are different than those of rocks which they are derived. As a consequence of lunar space weathering, soils are darker and exhibit a distinctive red-sloped continuum and weaker mineral absorption bands. The accumulation of dark glass-welded aggregates (agglutinates) has been thought to account for these optical effects of space weathering on lunar soils. Spectroscopic analyses of agglutinate separates and size fractions for a suite of lunar soils presented here indicate that the agglutinate paradigm is insufficient to fully account for lunar optical alteration. It is the finest fraction of lunar soils (less than 25 microns which constitute approximately 25% wt.) that dominates the optical properties of the bulk soil. Unlike size fractions of most silicates for which the finest fraction is the brightest, the lunar soil size fractions all have comparable albedos in the short-wavelength visible. In the near infrared, however, it is the finest fraction that exhibits the steep red continuum and weak absorption bands. The properties of the finest fraction cannot be duplicated by preparing a fine fraction by grinding larger agglutinate-rich soil particles. These results suggest space weathering on airless bodies is dominated by surface correlated processes (perhaps associated with the developement of fine-grained Fe(dot) on or near the surface of grains), and the accumulation of the large agglutinates is not necessarily required to account for lunar optical alteration.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; E11; p. 20,817-20,824
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  • 10
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    The lunar regolith - Chemistry and petrology of Luna 24 grain size fractions (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Chemical data obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis are reported for 30 elements in eight lunar soil size fractions from 370 to less than 2 microns, as well as petrology for five size fractions down to 40-10 microns in two Luna 24 soils. While the compositions of coarser fractions are similar to each other, they differ from the fractions smaller than 10 microns; these become increasingly feldspathic and enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) with decreasing grain size. The high concentrations of the Ni, Au and Ir meteoritic indicator elements in these finer fractions are consistent with comminution by meteoritic impact. Size distributions, petrology and LILE patterns indicate that Luna 24 soils are less reworked than most lunar soils.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 51; 661-673
    Format: text
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