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  • GEOPHYSICS  (4.847)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (3.251)
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  • 1
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    In ecliptic observations of Jovian radio emissions by Ulysses - Comparison with Voyager results (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: During the Ulysses inbound cruise to Jupiter the Unified Radio and Plasma Wave (URAP) experiment observed a variety of the planet's radio components in the frequency range below 1 MHz. Most of these emissions were already detected by the Voyager Radio Astronomy and Plasma Wave experiments, however, with much less sensitivity and different spectral coverage. These different radio components within the URAP dynamic spectra are identified, and their appearance with the previous Voyager observations are compared.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 19; 12, J; 1307-131
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  • 2
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    A model study of the response of mesospheric ozone to short-term solar ultraviolet flux variations (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: An investigation is conducted in order to determine the relative importance of several modeled processes in controlling the magnitude and phase of the mesospheric ozone response. A detailed one-dimensional modeling study of the mesospheric ozone response to solar UV flux variations is conducted to remove some of the deficiencies in previous studies. This study is also used to examine specifically the importance of solar zenith angle, self-consistent calculation of water vapor abundance, and temperature feedback with a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiation model. The photochemical model is described, and the assumptions made for the purpose of comparing model results with the observed ozone response obtained from a statistical analysis of Solar Mesosphere Explorer data (Keating et al., 1987) are discussed. The numerical results for the theoretical ozone response are presented. The results of selected time-dependent calculations are considered to illustrate the degree to which a relatively simple model of the mesosphere is able to capture the major characteristics of the observed response.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 22523-22
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  • 3
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    Source characteristics of Jovian narrow-band kilometric radio emissions (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: New observations of Jovian narrow-band kilometric (nKOM) radio emissions were made by the Unified Radio and Plasma Wave (URAP) experiment on the Ulysses spacecraft during the Ulysses-Jupiter encounter in early February 1992. These observations have demonstrated the unique capability of the URAP instrument for determining both the direction and polarization of nKOM radio sources. An important result is the discovery that nKOM radio emission originates from a number of distinct sources located at different Jovian longitudes and at the inner and outermost regions of the Io plasma torus. These sources have been tracked for several Jovian rotations, yielding their corotational lags, their spatial and temporal evolution, and their radiation characteristics at both low latitudes far from Jupiter and at high latitudes near the planet. Both right-hand and left-hand circularly polarized nKOM sources were observed. The polarizations observed for sources in the outermost regions of the torus seem to favor extraordinary mode emission.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; E7; p. 13,163-13,176.
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  • 4
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    Ulysses observations of escaping VLF emissions from Jupiter (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The Ulysses URAP experiment has detected Jovian radio emissions in the VLF range at distances from Jupiter in excess of 1.5 AU. The URAP observations represent the first synoptic observations of Jupiter in the VLF band, from 3 to 30 kHz. In this band lie the low-frequency extent of the bKOM emission, the escaping continuum emission, and the Jovian type IIIs. Initial results indicate that the continuum varies in frequency with the solar wind ram pressure at Jupiter, whereas, the Jovian type IIIs appear to be controlled to some extent by the planetary rotation, often appearing when system III longitude 100 deg faces the spacecraft.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 19; 649-652
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  • 5
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    Phenomenology of Neptune's radio emissions observed by the Voyager planetary radio astronomy experiment (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The Neptune flyby in 1989 added a new planet to the known number of magnetized planets generating nonthermal radio emissions. We review the Neptunian radio emission morphology as observed by the planetary radio astronomy experiment on board Voyager 2 during a few weeks before and after closest approach. We present the characteristics of the two observed recurrent main components of the Neptunian kilometric radiation, i.e., the 'smooth' and the 'bursty' emissions, and we describe the many specific features of the radio spectrum during closest approach.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A12; p. 19,201-19,211.
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  • 6
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    Infrared spectroscopy of lunar mare regolith (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Spectra of reflection, emission, and transmission of regolith returned by the Luna 16 automatic station were investigated in the 1.8-13 micrometers region. A reflection maximum was shown to be present in the region 3 to 5 micrometer, along with a corresponding minimum in the emission coefficient. The spectra were interpreted based on a comparison of the optical properties with the chemical and structural properties of the regolith. The regolith in the entire array of properties in the infrared region differs appreciably from terrestrial objects. Spectra of diffuse reflection and the spectra at angles of incidence 0 deg and angles of reflection 15 and 30 deg with samples of the regolith returned by the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions revealed a similarity of the infrared reflection characteristics of the regolith from different lunar mare regions.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 453-467
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  • 7
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    Measurements of nitric oxide and total reactive nitrogen in the Antarctic stratosphere - Observations and chemical implications (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Results are presented on measurements of NO and the sum of reactive nitrogen species, NO(y), which include NO, NO2, NO3, N2O5, HNO3, and ClONO2 (in addition to ClO, O3, H2O, and N2O measurements), obtained aboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft flying over the Antarctica between the latitudes of 53 and 72 deg S during the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment. The boundary of the chemically perturbed region (CPR), as indicated by a sharp increase in the level of ClO, occurred near 66 deg S; outside or equatorward of the CPR, the NO(y) mixing ratios ranged between 6 and 12 ppbv, with values decreasing poleward and reaching total NO(y) levels of 4 ppbv or less within 5-deg poleward of the boundary. Data presented in this paper clearly associate the Antarctic ozone decrease with perturbed conditions of ClO, NO(y), and H2O, which are in turn associated with processes defined as nonstandard heterogeneous chemistry, denitrification, and dehydration, respectively.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16665-16
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  • 8
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    An intercomparison of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl measurement techniques - Overview of results (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Results from an intercomparison of methods to measure carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and the hydroxyl radical (OH) are discussed. The intercomparison was conducted at Wallops Island, Virginia, in July 1983 and included a laser differential absorption and three grab sample/gas chromatograph methods for CO, a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and two chemiluminescence methods for NO, and two LIF methods and a radiocarbon tracer method for OH. The intercomparison was conducted as a field measurement program involving ambient measurements of CO (150-300 ppbv) and NO (10-180 pptv) from a common manifold with controlled injection of CO in incremental steps from 20 to 500 ppbv and NO in steps from 10 to 220 pptv. Only ambient measurements of OH were made. The agreement between the techniques was on the order of 14 percent for CO and 17 percent for NO. Hardware difficulties during the OH tests resulted in a data base with insufficient data and uncertanties too large to permit a meaningful intercomposition.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 11819-11
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  • 9
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    Crustal heterogeneity of the moon viewed from the Galileo SSI camera: Lunar sample calibrations and compositional implications (1991)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: Summaries are given of the spectral calibration, compositional parameters, nearside color, and limb and farside color of the Moon. The farside of the Moon, a large area of lunar crust, is dominated by heavily cratered terrain and basin deposits that represent the products of the first half billion years of crustal evolution. Continuing analysis of the returned lunar samples suggest a magma ocean and/or serial magmatism model for evolution of the primordial lunar crust. However, testing either hypothesis requires compositional information about the crustal stratigraphy and lateral heterogeneity. Resolution of this important planetary science issue is dependent on additional data. New Galileo multispectral images indicate previously unknown local and regional compositional diversity of the farside crust. Future analysis will focus on individual features and a more detailed assessment of crustal stratigraphy and heterogeneity.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1990; p 218-219
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Moessbauer Spectroscopy for Lunar Resource Assessment: Measurement of Mineralogy and Soil Maturity (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-04
    Beschreibung: First-order assessment of lunar soil as a resource includes measurement of its mineralogy and maturity. Soils in which the mineral ilmenite is present in high concentrations are desirable feedstock for the production of oxygen at a lunar base. The maturity of lunar soils is a measure of their relative residence time in the upper 1 mm of the lunar surface. Increasing maturity implies increasing load of solar wind species (e.g., N, H, and He-3), decreasing mean grain size, and increasing glass content. All these physicochemical properties that vary in a regular way with maturity are important parameters for assessing lunar soil as a resource. For example, He-3 can be extracted and potentially used for nuclear fusion. A commonly used index for lunar soil maturity is I(sub s)/FeO, which is the concentration of fine-grained metal determined by ferromagnetic resonance (I(sub s)) normalized to the total iron content (as FeO). I(sub s)/FeO has been measured for virtually every soil returned by the Apollo and Luna missions to the Moon. Because the technique is sensitive to both oxidation state and mineralogy, iron Moessbauer spectroscopy (FeMS) is a viable technique for in situ lunar resource assessment. Its utility for mineralogy is apparent from examination of published FeMS data for lunar samples. From the data published, it can be inferred that FeMS data can also be used to determine soil maturity. The use of FeMS to determine mineralogy and maturity and progress on development of a FeMS instrument for lunar surface use are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Joint Workshop on New Technologies for Lunar Resource Assessment; p 39-40
    Format: application/pdf
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