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  • ASTRONOMY  (9)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (1)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: The High Resoltuion Spectrograph (HRS) in conjunction with the Space Telescope (ST), extends ultraviolet astronomical spectroscopy to higher spectra, spatial, and time resolutions than previously achieved, as well as to fainter and more distant celestial objects. Other significant advances inherent in the instrument are high photometric accuracy and efficient operation via exposure meter control and real time rejection of bad data. These capabilities are provided to accomplish the scientific programs of the HRS investigation definition team, which concern the interstellar medium, stellar winds, and evolutionary aspects of stellar atmosphere studies; the determination of chemical abundances relevant to stellar evolution; the investigation of quasars and Seyfert galaxy nuclei; and the analysis of the atmospheres of solar system objects, including comets.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Space Telescope Science Inst. The Space Telescope Obs.; p 76-105
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A telescope-spectrometer on the Copernicus spacecraft made possible the measurement of many ultraviolet absorption lines produced by the interstellar gas. The present survey provides data on ultraviolet absorption lines in the spectra of 88 early-type stars. The stars observed are divided into four classes, including reddened stars, unreddened bright stars, moderately reddened bright stars, and unreddened and moderately reddened faint stars. Data are presented for equivalent width, W, radial velocity V, and rms line width, D, taking into account some 10 to 20 lines of N I, O I, Si II, P II, S II, Cl I, Cl II, Mn II, Fe II, Ni II, Cu II, and H2. The data are based on multiple scans for each line. Attention is given to details of observations, the data reduction procedure, and the computation of equivalent width, mean velocity, and velocity dispersion.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; 51; Mar. 198
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Absolute fluxes over the wavelength range 1200-3200 A are presented for 13 normal early-type stars and 12 early-type stars known to have large IR excess; the data were obtained to study the UV spectral modifications produced by absorbing circumstellar dust particles. It is found that all the Be/shell stars whose spectral types are later than B6 exhibit greatly enhanced line absorption due to circumstellar Fe II. The circumstellar gaseous line absorption in stars cooler than B6 severely complicates the study of circumstellar dust absorption. However, those B and A stars that exhibit the circumstellar 9.7-micron emission feature have a very large increase in circumstellar absorption for 1800 A; such absorption is expected from circumstellar silicate particles.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 246
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Milky Way halo and quasar absorption spectra contain a number of remarkable similarities which include mixed ion absorption, a general absence of excited fine structure levels with the possible exception of excited C II, similar column densities, and similar multicomponent line profiles. The extreme sensitivity of UV lines to small amounts of gas is well illustrated in a comparison of 21-cm H I emission with UV absorption toward the Large Magellanic Cloud. This sensitivity shows that galaxies are likely to appear significantly larger in UV absorption than in 21-cm emission and that the size problem for galactic halos is probably not a serious one. It is concluded that many of the absorption line systems seen in the spectra of quasars are probably produced in the gaseous halos of intervening galaxies.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 244
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations by the International Ultraviolet Explorer of R136(HD 38268), the central object of the 30 Doradus Nebula, at high and low spectral resolutions show a peculiar hot object with a massive stellar wind; spectra indicating an outflow speed of 3500 kilometers/sec and a temperature of 60,000 K. The peculiar object R136a, providing most of the ionizations, is interpreted as being dominated by a single superluminous object with the following, approximate properties: a radius 100 times that of the sun, a mass 2500 times that of the sun, and a loss rate of 10 to the -3.5 solar masses per year. The instability expected to be typical of such stars may account for the massive stellar wind.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Science; 212; June 26
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations on Uranus, Neptune, and four G-type stars which were obtained with the five channel ultraviolet spectrometer aboard the Astronomical Netherlands Satellite are reported. The paper uses these data to derive geometric albedos between 1800 and 3300 A for Uranus and between 2200 and 3300 A for Neptune. It is shown that the albedos are in good agreement with ground measurements near 3300 A and with OAO 2 measurements near 2500 A. In addition, it is noted that the albedos are smaller than theoretical predictions for deep pure H2 Rayleigh-Raman scattering atmospheres, which confirms earlier predictions that additional sources of ultraviolet absorption are required in the upper atmosphere of these planets. Consideration is given to the possibility that the Uranian atmosphere contains an extra absorber, noting that the identification of this absorber is difficult from broad-band spectrophotometric measurements.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 237
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Absolute sensitivity curves for IUE low-resolution spectra are obtained by comparing IUE measurements of hot stars with the absolute energy distributions established for these objects by previous satellite and rocket experiments. The differences between these earlier experiments are discussed quantitatively, and a common absolute flux scale is proposed as the basis for the absolute calibration of IUE.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 85; 1-2,; May 1980
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Low-resolution IUE data are used to explore the ultraviolet extinction toward the Wolf-Rayet star HD 193793 and to search for ultraviolet variability that might relate to the infrared variability. High-dispersion IUE observations are used to investigate the nature of the stellar wind of the star and to search for anomalies in the interstellar line spectrum that might be expected to be found toward a star that has recently formed a dust shell. Finally, the ultraviolet and new visual and infrared data are combined to investigate the full energy distribution of this unusual source. The energy distribution is found to extend from 0.12 to 12.5 microns, and the ultraviolet data suggest a normal WC-7 type star. A wind terminal speed of about 3000 km/s is implied by the data, as well as an E(B-V) value of 0.85. The dereddened ultraviolet to visual energy distribution is consistent with a star having effective temperature of about 43,000 K.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 256
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Low resolution IUE data were used to derive UV extinction curves for a group of stars known to have peculiar extinction parameters from ANS data. The resulting curves have a wide range of appearances. Although the ratio E(BUMP)/E(B-V) differs by a factor of three in the extreme cases, the wavelength of maximum absorption does not appear to change. No evidence for new fine structure in UV extinction was found. The structure near 62 micrometers in the existing mean extinction curves appears to be the result of luminosity mismatch errors. The new extinction curves have shapes that separate into two distinct classes; those associated with clear field extinction and those associated with extinction in dense nebular environments. The range of variation in the curves is so large, the common practice of ironing out the bump can produce enormous errors in the resultant UV energy distributions when E(B-V) 0.3.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Advan. in Ultraviolet Astron.; p 409-412
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 206; May 15
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