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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (8)
  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1
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    Lava flow-field morphology: A case study from Mount Etna, Sicily (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The morphology of lava flows is often taken as an indicator of the broad chemical composition of the lava, especially when interpreting extraterrestrial volcanoes using spacecraft images. The historical lavas of the active volcano Mount Etna in Sicily provide an excellent opportunity to examine the controls on flow field morphology. In this study only flow produced by flank eruptions after the middle of the 18th century are examined. The final form of a flow-field may be more indicative of the internal plumbing of the volcano, which may control such factors as the effusion, rate, duration of eruption, volume of available magma, rate of de-gassing, and lava rheology. Different flow morphologies on Etna appear to be a good indicator of differing conditions within the volcanic pile. Thus the spatial distribution of different flow types on an extraterrestrial volcano may provide useful information about the plumbing conditions of that volcano, rather than necessarily providing information on the composition of materials erupted.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., MEVTV Workshop on Nature and Composition of Surface Units on Mars; p 69-71
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Apollo 14 aluminous mare basalts and their possible relationship to KREEP (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Thirty-six aluminous mare basalt fragments from breccia 14321 and other Apollo 14 basalts are statistically divided into two broad groups, comprising five subgroups, using La, Sm, and Yb data. Major element compositions, petrographic characteristics, and mineral compositions are similar for the five groups. However, there is an eight-fold increase in REE abundances from Group 5 to Group 1, with Group 1 having a REE pattern similar to KREEP. Groups 1 to 3 may be related by partial melting of a source similar to that proposed by Unruh et al. (1984) for feldspathic basalt 12038. However, Groups 4 and 5 cannot be as closely matched by larger degrees of partial melting of this source. Groups 1 to 4 could also be produced by assimilation of a KREEP component by a magma similar in composition to Group 5. Such a magma can be produced by partial melting of an olivine-orthopyroxene source that crystallized from a magma with chondritic relative REE abundances.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; C365-C37
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  • 3
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    Apollo 15 yellow-brown volcanic glass - Chemistry and petrogenetic relations to green volcanic glass and olivine-normative mare basalts (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Electron microprobe and INAA were used to analyze forty spherules of Apollo 15 yellow-brown glass for major and trace elements. The glass is one of twenty-five high-Mg primary magmas emplaced on the lunar surface in pyroclastic eruptions. The abundances show that the magma was produced by partial melting of differentiated cumulates in the lunar mantle. Models to explain the possible source-regions of several Apollo 15 and Apollo 12 low-Ti mare magmas are presented.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 52; 2379-239
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  • 4
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    Zr-Hf-Ta fractionation during lunar evolution (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Zr/Hf ratios and other elemental data in 68 samples of various mare basalts, KREEP units, and lunar glasses have been determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis coupled with coincidence-anticoincidence counting for greater precision. The data are presented in order to quantify further the amount of Zr/Hf fractionation that has occurred during primordial crystallization and cumulate remelting or by any other process. Models of Zr-Hf evolution are developed to place additional constraints on the bulk lunar composition and on the effects of minor phases that may be responsible for the observed fractionations. The Hf-Ta fractionation in lunar compositions is also reviewed in order to characterize normal Hf(4+) versus Ta(4+) behavior and to delineate possible effects due to the oxidation of Ta(4+) to Ta(5+) during late-stage ilmenite crystallization.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; D31-D45
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  • 5
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    Apollo 16 regolith breccias and soils - Recorders of exotic component addition to the Descartes region of the moon (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Using the subdivision of Apollo 16 regolith breccias into ancient (about 4 Gyr) and younger samples (McKay et al., 1986), with the present-day soils as a third sample, a petrologic and chemical determination of regolith evolution and exotic component addition at the A-16 site was performed. The modal petrologies and mineral and chemical compositions of the regolith breccias in the region are presented. It is shown that the early regolith was composed of fragments of plutonic rocks, impact melt rocks, and minerals and impact glasses. It is found that KREEP lithologies and impact melts formed early in lunar history. The mare components, mainly orange high-TiO2 glass and green low-TiO2 glass, were added to the site after formation of the ancient breccias and prior to the formation of young breccias. The major change in the regolith since the formation of the young breccias is an increase in maturity represented by the formation of fused soil particles with prolonged exposure to micrometeorite impacts.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ISSN 0012-821X); 89; 2 Ju
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  • 6
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    Petrogenetic modeling of 74220 high-Ti orange volcanic glasses and the Apollo 11 and 17 high-Ti mare basalts (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An INAA analysis of 16 individual spherules of orange volcanic glass extracted from the 74220,680 soil was performed in order to determine trace element signatures in a primary high-Ti mare magma. The composition of these glasses is shown to be nearly identical to that of 74220 bulk soil, indicating a general absence of constituents other than volcanic glass in the soil. The results suggest that the evolving lunar mantle included processes of cumulate-mass transport and/or segregation of the primordial lunar magma ocean into separate differentiating zones, allowing commingling of early and late components.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 14, 1988 - Mar 18, 1988; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 7
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    High alumina (HA) and very high potassium (VHK) basalt clasts from Apollo 14 breccias. II - Whole rock geochemistry - Further evidence for combined assimilation and fractional crystallization within the lunar crust (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The understanding of basalt petrogenesis at the Apollo 14 site has increased markedly due to the study of 'new' samples from breccia 'pull-apart' efforts. Whole-rock compositions of 26 new high alumina (HA) and 7 very high potassium (VHK) basalts emphasize the importance of combined assimilation and fractional crystallization in a lunar regime. Previously formulated models for HA and VHK basalt petrogenesis are modified in order to accomodate these new data, although modeling parameters are essentially the same. The required range in HA basalt compositions is generated by the assimilation of KREEP by a 'primitive' parental magma. The VHK basalts can be generated by three parental HA basalts assimilating granite. Results indicate that VHK basalt compositions are dominated by the parental magma, and only up to 8 percent granite assimilation is required. This modeling indicates that at least three VHK basalt flows must be present at the Apollo 14 site.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 14, 1988 - Mar 18, 1988; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 8
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    Petrology of Apollo 14 regolith breccias and ion microprobe studies of glass beads (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Mineral chemistries, glass chemistries, and bulk compositions of Apollo 14 regolith beccias are used to study the regolith evolution at the Apollo 14 site and on the moon in general. Major changes in the regolith since the formation of the breccias include an increase in maturity, an increase in glasses with the Fra Mauro basalt composition, and decreases in feldspathic and mare glasses. The results suggest the presence of a source with a larger non-KREEPy highland plutonic component than other breccias.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 14, 1988 - Mar 18, 1988; Houston, TX; United States
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