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  • 1
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    Effect of prolonged space flight on cardiac function and dimensions (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: By taking advantage of the capabilities of echocardiography to measure noninvasively left ventricular volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction, and of the fact that the astronauts were routinely subjected to lower body negative pressure (whereby cardiac filling is progressively decreased), it was possible to construct classic ventricular function curves noninvasively, thereby obviating the difficulties encountered in comparing cardiac function at different end-diastolic volumes preflight and postflight. In this manner, the effect of an 84-day period of weightlessness on cardiac structure and function was evaluated in the Skylab 4 astronauts.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA., JSC Biomed. Results from Skylab; p 366-371
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  • 2
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    Studies of acid-base homeostasis during simulated weightlessness: Application of the water immersion model to man (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effects of water immersion on acid-base homeostasis were investigated under carefully controlled conditions. Studies of renal acidification were carried out on seven healthy male subjects, each consuming a diet containing 150 meq sodium and 100 meq potassium. Control and immersion studies were carried out on each subject on the fourth and sixth days, respectively, of dietary equilibration, by which time all subjects had achieved sodium balance. The experimental protocols on study days were similar (except for the amount of water administered).
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1973 JSC Endocrine Program Conf.; 11 p
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  • 3
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    Effects of water immersion to the neck on pulmonary circulation and tissue volume in man (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A rapid noninvasive breathing method is used to obtain serial measurements of the pulmonary capillary blood flow, diffusing capacity per unit of alveolar volume, combined pulmonary tissue plus capillary volume, functional residual capacity, and oxygen consumption in five normal subjects undergoing 6 h of sitting, 4 h of sitting while immersed to the neck in thermoneutral water, and 4 h of lying in thermoneutral water to the neck. The rebreathing method employed a test gas mixture containing 0.5% C2H2, 0.3% C(18)O, 10% He, 21% O2, and balance N2. It is shown that immersion to the neck in the seated posture results in significant increases in sodium excretion cardiac output, and diffusing capacity per unit of alveolar volume. The pulmonary tissue plus capillary volume did not change, demonstrating that the central vascular engorgement induced by water immersion is not accompanied by significant extravasation of fluid into the pulmonary interstitial space.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 40; Mar. 197
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  • 4
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    Comparison of water immersion and saline infusion as a means of inducing volume expansion in man (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The study compares the natriuresis induced by head-out water immersion to that of a standard saline infusion and assesses the relative effectiveness of these two techniques as volume determinants of renal sodium and water handling in humans in a seated posture. The data obtained show that the volume stimulus of immersion is identical to that of standard saline-induced extracellular fluid volume expansion (ECVE) in normal seated subjects. The ability of head-out water immersion to induce a natriuresis without a concomitant increase in total blood volume and with a decrease in body weight suggests that water immersion may be preferred as an investigative tool for assessing the effects of ECVE in man.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 39; July 197
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  • 5
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    Suppression of ADH during water immersion in normal man (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was undertaken to ascertain whether diuresis induced by immersion is medicated by an inhibition of ADH. Immersion resulted in a progressive decrease in ADH excretion from 80.1 + or - 7 (SEM) to 37.3 + or - 6.3 microU/min (P less than 0.025). Cessation of immersion was associated with a marked increase in ADH from 37.3 + or - 6.3 microU/min to 176.6 + or - 72.6 microU/min during the recovery hour (P less than 0.05). Concomitant with these changes, urine osmolality decreased significantly beginning as early as the initial hour of immersion from 1044 + or - 36 to 542 + or - 66 mosmol/kg H2O during the final hour of immersion (P less than 0.001). These findings are consistent with the earlier suggestion that suppression of ADH release contributes to enhanced free water clearance in hydrated subjects undergoing immersion.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 38; June 197
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  • 6
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    Suppression of plasma renin and plasma aldosterone during water immersion in normal man (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism; 41; Sept
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  • 7
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    Ca isotope fractionation on the moon (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Ca has been measured in a lunar soil in order to establish the presence of isotopically mass-fractionated components. Ca was extracted by a series of water leaches after the soils were 'activated' by brief exposures to fluorine gas. The O2 obtained by this fluorination is found to have delta (O-18) of +21 per mil and to be, therefore, significantly mass-fractionated. Ca obtained in the leaches was analyzed using the double-spike technique. Very small Ca isotope fractionation is found in the leaches of this soil of up to 1 per mil per mass unit difference. The small Ca effects are in marked contrast to the measured delta (O-18) for the same sample and to large effects observed in many soils for oxygen, silicon, sulfur, and potassium. The data on Ca provide stringent constraints on models which attempt to explain the isotope mass-fractionation effects in lunar soils.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 14, 1977 - Mar 18, 1977; Houston, TX
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  • 8
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    Effects of water immersion on renal hemodynamics in normal man (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The present study was undertaken to delineate the effects of water immersion to the neck (NI) on renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate as assessed by the clearance of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and inulin, respectively. Nine normal male subjects were studied on two occasions, control and NI. The conditions of seated posture and time of day were identical. Immersion did not alter either clearance at a time when sodium excretion was increasing markedly. The constancy of PAH clearance during NI suggests that renal blood flow is unaltered and that the natriuresis of NI is mediated independently of alterations in overall renal perfusion. The sluggish decline of a natriuresis during recovery is consistent with the presence of a humoral factor contributing to the encountered natriuresis.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 41; Aug. 197
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  • 9
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    Cardiovascular and renal effects of head-out water immersion in man - Application of the model in the assessment of volume homeostasis (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Circulation Research; 39; Nov. 197
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  • 10
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    Investigation of the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and silicon isotope and concentration relationships on the grain surfaces of a variety of lunar soils and in some Apollo 15 and 16 core samples (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 17, 1975 - Mar 21, 1975; Houston, TX
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