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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (13)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (8)
  • 1980-1984  (21)
  • 1
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    Channels and valleys on Mars (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Tentative conclusions about the origins of channels and valleys on Mars based on the consensus of investigators who have studied the problem are presented. The morphology of outflow channels is described in detail, and the morphology, distribution, and genesis of Martian valleys are addressed. Secondary modification of channels and valleys by mass-wasting phenomena, eolian processes, cratering, and mantling by lava flows is discussed. The physics of the flows needed to account for the immense volumes of Martian outflow channels is considered in detail, including the possible influence of debris flows and mudflows, glaciers, and ice sheets. It is concluded that Mars once probably possessed an atmosphere with higher temperatures and pressures than at present which played an essential role in an active hydrological cycle.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geological Society of America, Bulletin (ISSN 0016-7606); 94; 1035-105
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  • 2
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    Some characteristics and advantages of LANDSAT 3 return beam vidicon images (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: One advantage of a LANDSAT 3 return beam vidicon (RBV) scene is the synoptic view it provides. A 1:500,000 paper print of the size 19.4 cm x 19.4 cm encompasses an area of about 3,721 square miles (9,637 sq. km.) and this compares very favorably in coverage to small scale aerial photography. A second important advantage is that the ground resolution is 38 by 38 meters. Compared to the resolution of the MSS which is 79 by 79 meters the RBV provides a wealth of detail useful for many purposes. A great variety of man made structures are visible including bridges, roads, docks, and small airfields. Agricultural field patterns are clear and settlements of various sizes can be identified and delineated. A third advantage is related to the approximate panchromatic spectral response displayed in RBV images. Since many aerial photographic interpreters are accustomed to working with panchromatic photographs, they should have no difficulty understanding and putting RBV images immediately into use.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Purdue Univ. CORSE-81: The 1981 Conf. on Remote Sensing Educ.; p 84-85
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  • 3
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    Imaging photopolarimeter on Pioneer Saturn (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Results of Pioneer 11 imaging photopolarimeter observations of Saturn, its rings, and Titan are presented. The imaging photopolarimeter is a pointable telescope with an aperture of 2.5 cm and passbands of 390 to 500 to 720 nm which uses the spin of the spacecraft to scan across an object. Images of the Saturn system and of the rings are presented, and the absence of a D ring, structures in the C, B and A rings and the Cassini division and the discoveries of the F ring and the provisionally named Pioneer division separating it from the A ring are reported. A mean particle size less than 15 meters is estimated from estimates of total ring mass and the optical depth of the B ring. The discovery of the satellite 1979 S 1 at 2.53 Saturn radii is also noted. Models of the vertical aerosol structure of Saturn's atmosphere are compared with the polarization data, and it is indicated that the density of cloud particles decreases with altitude with a scale height about one fourth that of the gas, and that an optical depth of one is to be found at 750 mbar.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 207; Jan. 25
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  • 4
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    Energetic ion acceleration and transport in the upstream region of Jupiter - Voyager 1 and 2 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Long-lived upstream energetic ion events at Jupiter appear to be very similar in nearly all respects to upstream ion events at earth. A notable difference between the two planetary systems is the enhanced heavy ion compositional signature reported for the Jovian events. This compositional feature has suggested that ions escaping from the Jovian magnetosphere play an important role in forming upstream ion populations at Jupiter. In contrast, models of energetic upstream ions at earth emphasize in situ acceleration of reflected solar wind ions within the upstream region itself. Using Voyager 1 and 2 energetic ion measurements near the magnetopause, in the magnetosheath, and immediately upstream of the bow shock, the compositional patterns are examined together with typical energy spectra in each of these regions. Characteristic spectral changes are found late in ion events observed upstream of the bow shock at the same time that heavy ion fluxes are enhanced and energetic electrons are present. A model involving upstream Fermi acceleration early in events and emphasizing energetic particle escape in the prenoon part of the Jovian magnetospehre late in events is presented to explain many of the features in the upstream region of Jupiter.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 5
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    Relationships between mineralization and silicic volcanism in the Central Andes (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (ISSN 0377-0273); 18; 165-190
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  • 6
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    The Use of Thematic Mapper Data for Land Cover Discrimination: Preliminary Results from the UK Satmap Programme (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: In assessing the accuracy of classification techniques for Thematic Mapper data the consistency of the detector-to-detector response is critical. Preliminary studies were undertaken, therefore, to assess the significance of this factor for the TM. The overall structure of the band relationships can be examined by principal component analysis. In order to examine the utility of the Thematic Mapper data more carefully, six different land cover classes approximately Anderson level 1 were selected. These included an area of water from the sediment-laden Mississippi, woodland, agricultural land and urban land. A plume class was also selected which includes the plume of smoke emanating from the power station and drifting over the Mississippi river.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Invest. Summ., Including Dec. 1983 Workshop Results, Vol. 2; p 149-152
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  • 7
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    The Corfu Landslide: Analog to Giant Landslides on Mars (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: In an analog to the great landslides of the Vales Marineris, Mars, a detailed study was made of the Corfu Landslide in south-central Washington. This prehistoric slide is located on the northern flank of the Saddle Mountains, southwest of Othello, Washington. The slide covers a 13 square km area centered on section 11 of T.15N., R.27E., Willamette Meridian, adjacent to the Corfu townsite. Approximately 1 cubic km of material is involved in sliding that was probably initiated by Missoula flooding through the Channeled Scabland. It is concluded that there were four primary factors involved in the initiation of the Corfu landsliding: (1) A slip surface was present at the right orientation; (2) Glacial flooding undercut the slope; (3) Wetter climatic conditions prevailed during that time period; and (4) Some seismic vibrations, known to occur locally, probably acted as a trigger. These factors show that special conditions were required in conjunction to produce landsliding. Studies in progress of the Vales Marieneris suggest that the same factors probably contributed to landsliding there.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 230
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  • 8
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    The use of thematic mapper data for land cover discrimination: Preliminary results from the UK SATMaP programme (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The principal objectives of the UK SATMaP program are to determine thematic mapper (TM) performance with particular reference to spatial resolution properties and geometric characteristics of the data. So far, analysis is restricted to images from the U.S. and concentrates on spectra and radiometric properties. The results indicate that the data are inherently three dimensional compared with the two dimensional character of MSS data. Preliminary classification results indicate the importance of the near infrared band (TM 4), at least one middle infrared band (TM 5 or TM 6) and at least one of the visible bands (preferably either TM 3 or TM 1). The thermal infrared also appears to have discriminatory ability despite its coarser spatial resolution. For band 4 the forward and reverse scans show somewhat different spectral responses in one scene but this effect is absent in the other analyzed. From examination of the histograms it would appear that the full 8-bit quantization is not being effectively utilized for all the bands.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10038 , NASA-CR-174590 , NAS 1.26:174590
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  • 9
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    The United Kingdom SATMaP program (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Data from test tapes from the United States (specifically the August Arkansas scene) and the first tape of the UK test site which came from ESRIN are analyzed. Methods for estimating spatial resolution are discussed and some preliminary results are included. The characteristics of the ESRIN data are examined and the utility of the various spectral bands of the thematic mapper for land cover mapping are outlined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10002 , NASA-CR-174517 , NAS 1.26:174517
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  • 10
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    Winter wheat: A model for the simulation of growth and yield in winter wheat (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The basic ideas and constructs for a general physical/physiological process level winter wheat simulation model are documented. It is a materials balance model which calculates daily increments of photosynthate production and respiratory losses in the crop canopy. The partitioning of the resulting dry matter to the active growing tissues in the plant each day, transpiration and the uptake of nitrogen from the soil profile are simulated. It incorporates the RHIZOS model which simulates, in two dimensions, the movement of water, roots, and soluble nutrients through the soil profile. It records the time of initiation of each of the plant organs. These phenological events are calculated from temperature functions with delays resulting from physiological stress. Stress is defined mathematically as an imbalance in the metabolite supply; demand ratio. Physiological stress is also the basis for the calculation of rates of tiller and floret abortion. Thus, tillering and head differentiation are modeled as the resulants of the two processes, morphogenesis and abortion, which may be occurring simulaneously.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10367 , NASA-CR-169164 , YM-U2-04281 , JSC-18229 , NAS 1.26:169164
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