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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (152)
  • 1985-1989  (58)
  • 1980-1984  (94)
  • 1
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    Source of the Australasian tektite strewn field - A possible off-shore impact site (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Although there is a preponderance of evidence that tektites were formed by asteroid impacts on the earth, no source crater has been found for the largest and youngest of the strewn fields - the Austalasian strewn field. A combined Seasat/Geos 3 altimeter data set of sea surface heights in the northern portion of the Australasian strewn field has been examined for negative gravity anomalies on the continental shelf and slope which might be related to the source crater for these tektites. A large negative anomaly called the Qui Nhon Slope Anomaly is a sea surface depression of approximately 1.5 meters over an area of 100 km diameter. It corresponds to a gravity anomaly of about -50 mgal. It is proposed that this anomaly may be due to the impact structure that produced the Australasian strewn field.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 15; 357-360
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  • 2
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    Magnetic field in the wake of Venus and the formation of ionospheric holes (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Magnetic field structures are analyzed for both the ionospheric hole region and the magnetosheath/ionosphere interaction region of the nightside of Venus, in search of possible coupling between these two regimes. A magnetic coordinate system based on the directions of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field is found to order the data reasonably well, allowing consistent superposition of observational data from individual passes of the Pioneer Venus orbiter. The results indicate that the magnetosheath plasma flow in the wake region plays an important role in forming the ionospheric holes through deformation of the nightside ionopause. The results are combined in a model of the three-dimensional magnetic field structure around the ionosphere of Venus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 1385-139
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  • 3
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    Holes in the nightside ionosphere of Venus (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements of electron density and temperature by the Pioneer Venus orbiter electron temperature probe have been employed to examine the characteristics and morphology of ionospheric holes in the antisolar ionosphere of Venus. The holes apparently exist as north-south pairs which penetrate the ionosphere vertically down to altitudes as low as 160 km. Magnetic field measurements show that the holes are permeated by strong radial fields whose pressure is sufficient to balance the plasma pressure of the surrounding ionosphere. The electron temperature in the holes is substantially cooler than the surrounding ionosphere, except in the lowest density regions of the holes where the temperatures greatly exceed the ionosphere temperature. The low temperatures and the low densities of the holes are consistent with the strong radial magnetic fields which inhibit horizontal transport of plasma and thermal energy from the surrounding ionosphere. Plasma depletion processes associated with magnetotail electric fields may be important in the formation of the holes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Jan. 1
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  • 4
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    Response of Earth's Atmosphere to Increases in Solar Flux and Implications for Loss of Water from Venus (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
    Description: A one dimensional radiative convective model is used to compute temperature and water vapor profiles as functions of solar flux for earthlike atmosphere. The troposphere is assumed to be fully saturated with a moist adiabatic lapse rate, and changes in cloudiness are neglected. Predicted surface temperatures increase monotonically from -1 to 111 C as the solar flux is increased from 0.81 to 1.45 times its present value. The results imply that the surface temperature of a primitive water rich Venus should have been at least 80-100 C and may have been much higher, water vapor should have been a major atmospheric constituent at all altitudes, leading to the rapid hydrodynamic escape of hydrogen. The oxygen left behind by this process was presumably consumed by reactions with reduced minerals in the crust.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. and Geophys. Program, 1984; p 121
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  • 5
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    Small Solar System Bodies (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-30
    Description: The feasibility of using ranging data to a spacecraft lander on a synchronously rotating satellite to determine the satellite's orbit, the planet's orbit, the lander coordinates, and the principal term of forced physical librations was studied. Classifications of asteroids into their proper elements and families are also presented. Measurements and reduction of positions on comets and the minor planets with less common orbits was the focus for the astrometry program.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. and Geophys. Program, 1984; p 72-73
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  • 6
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    Lunar science from lunar laser ranging (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Seventeen years of lunar ranging data have been analyzed to determine lunar second-degree moment differences, third-degree gravitational harmonics, Love number, rotational dissipation and retroreflector coordinates.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986; p 116
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    On the reported optical activity of amino acids in the Murchison meteorite (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is shown that the explanation of terrestrial contamination of the Murchison meteorite is consistent with the analysis of extracts from the meteorite reported by Engel and Nagy (EN) (1982) and is much more probable than their suggestion that the excess of L-enantiomers for several protein amino acids is due to asymmetric synthesis or decomposition. The low abundance of serine and threonine reported by EN may be due to their decomposition during the derivatization procedure, and the absence of methionine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine can be attributed to various causes. The amount of contamination in EN's extracts are estimated from a mass balance of the amino acid enantiomers, and it is found that the amino acids in the HCl could be due entirely to contamination while in the water extract the amount of contamination ranges from about 40 to 97 percent, depending on the amino acid. The argument that contaminants were preferentially extracted by EN's procedure cannot account for the failure to detect methionine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 301; Feb. 10
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  • 8
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    Non-linear three dimensional spectral model of the Venusian thermosphere with super-rotation. I - Formulation and numerical technique. II - Temperature, composition and winds (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A three-dimensional spectral model for the Venusion thermosphere is presented which uses spherical harmonics to represent the horizontal variations in longitude and latitude and which uses Fourier harmonics to represent the LT variations due to atmospheric rotation. A differencing scheme with tridiagonal block elimination is used to perform the height integration. Quadratic nonlinearities are taken into account. In the second part, numerical results obtained with the model are shown to reproduce the observed broad daytime maxima in CO2 and CO and the significantly larger values at dawn than at dusk. It is found that the diurnal variations in He are most sensitive to thermospheric superrotation, and that, given a globally uniform atmosphere as input, larger heating rates yield a larger temperature contrast between day and night.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 37; 701-705
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  • 9
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    Tidal dissipation in the Earth and Moon from lunar laser ranging (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The evolution of the Moon's orbit which is governed by tidal dissipation in the Earth while the evolution of its spin is controlled by its own internal dissipation is discussed. Lunar laser ranging data from August 1969 through May 1982 yields the values of both of these parameters. It is suggested that if the Moon was orbited the Earth since its formation, this must be an anomalously high value presumably due to changes in dissipation in the oceans due to continental drift. The explanation that the dissipation occurs at the interface between the mantle and a liquid core of shell is preferred.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Planetary Inst. Conf. on the Origin of the Moon; p 31
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  • 10
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    Evidence for mass-loading of the Venus magnetosheath (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The observed magnetic field configuration in the Venus magnetosheath contains information about the solar wind mass-loading processes occurring as a result of the extension of the neutral atmosphere into the magnetosheath. In this paper, magnetic field signatures of various mass-loading processes are discussed and experimental results from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter magnetometer experiment are examined for evidence of these signatures. The data suggest that the -V(bar)XB(bar) acceleration process, stochastic pickup of ionospheric ions, and J(bar)XB(bar) force 'scavenging' at the ionopause all occur at various times.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 5; 4 19
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