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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (3)
  • SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
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  • 1990-1994  (5)
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  • 1
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    U.S./CIS eye joint nuclear rocket venture (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An account is given of the significance for U.S. spacecraft development of a nuclear thermal rocket (NTR) reactor concept that has been developed in the (formerly Soviet) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The CIS NTR reactor employs a hydrogen-cooled zirconium hydride moderator and ternary carbide fuels; the comparatively cool operating temperatures associated with this design promise overall robustness.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X); 31; 7; p. 28-30, 35.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Midinfrared (2.5-13.5 microns) reflectance spectra of powdered stony meteorites (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Asteroid spectral measurements are presently approached via comparisons with reflectance spectra from 60 powdered meteorite samples representing 50 different meteorites. While the powdered meteorites have undergone alteration by exposure to water vapor and by hydrocarbon contamination characterized by absorption bands near 3.45 microns, they retain various other spectral features which render them useful for identification. While these features can be used independently to ascertain mineralogy and meteorite type, the use of the entire spectrum in a digital search library is preferred for successful identification.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 92; 280-297
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Spectral signature of oxidized pyroxenes - Implications to remote sensing of terrestrial planets (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The effect of the structural Fe(3+) or disseminated ferric oxides in oxidized ferromagnesian silicates on the reflectance spectral profiles of the remnant Fe(2+) ions in oxidized silicates was investigated. Results of spectral measurements in the visible NIR region, performed on several well-characterized pyroxenes representative of different structural types and compositions, were correlated with data obtained from the Mossbauer spectra of the oxidation products. The measurements made it possible to determine the relative proportions of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions present in the oxidized pyroxenes and provided information on the amorphous ferric oxide phases present in the oxidation products. The results also suggest a mechanism for producing the nanophase hematite popularly considered to be responsible for the features observed around 0.62 and 0.87 micron in the remotely sensed spectra of Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 18
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    There is no 'cometopause' at comet Halley (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Immediately after the flybys at comet Halley by a fleet of spacecraft in 1986, Gringauz et al. (1986a) reported the detection by the Vega-2 spacecraft of a chemical and sharp plasma boundary, which they named the 'cometopause,' at a distance of about 1.6 x 10(exp 5) km from the nucleus. Gringauz and Verigin (1991) presented the 'cometopause' as a permanent feature of the solar wind - Halley type comet interaction at about 1 UA from the Sun. This permanent boundary presumably separates an upstream region dominated by the solar wind from the downstream region where heavy cometary ions dominate. We present here the analysis of the results of the Giotto positive ion cluster composition analyzer - Reme plasma analyzer (PICCA-RPA2) ion mass spectrometer and electron electrostatic analyzer - Reme plasma analyzer (EESA-RPA1) electron spectrometer data, which clearly show that there is no such boundary at comet Halley.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; A2; p. 2301-2308
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    US/CIS integrated NTRE (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper describes the Nuclear Thermal Energy (NTRE) engine, developed by taking advantage of mature fuel technology developed in the former Soviet Union, thus shortening the development schedule of this engine for moon and Mars explorations. The near-term NTRE engine has a number of features that provide safety, mission performance, cost, and risk benefits. These include: (1) high-temperature long-life CIS fuel, (2) high-pressure recuperated expander cycle, (3) assured restart, (4) long-life cooled nozzle with thin inner wall, (5) long-life turbopumps, (6) heat radiation and electrical power generation, and (7) component integration synergy. Diagrams of the reactor core, the recuperated bottoming cycle flow schematic, and the recuperated bottoming cycle engine schematic are presented.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 93-2367 , AIAA, SAE, ASME, and ASEE, Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit; Jun 28, 1993 - Jun 30, 1993; Monterey, CA; United States|; 6 p.
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