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  • LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)  (51)
  • SOLAR PHYSICS
  • 1980-1984  (91)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1982  (91)
  • 1
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    Effect of space flight on bone strength (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: To test the possibility that spaceflight has a deleterious effect on bone mechanical properties, femur breaking strength by torsional loading in rats that had been flown for 19 days aboard Cosmos 936 was determined. The results showed that femurs from flight rats were less stiff than the flight controls, and failed under torsion at a lower torque and energy of absorption. The defect was corrected following space flight and could be prevented during space flight by centrifuging the rats at 1 x g. Altered bone geometry due to inhibition of bone formation at the periosteal surface provides the most likely explanation for the decrease in bone strength during spaceflight.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: p. S-75
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Effects of hypergravity on rat liver regeneration (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effects of centrifugation on liver regrowth were examined by measuring mitotic activity. The results indicate that the increased gravity caused a delay in the onset of mitotic activity and a significant decrease in overall mitotic activity.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Space Gerontology; p 53-54
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  • 3
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    Evidence for arrested bone formation during spaceflight (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Addressing the question of whether the bone formed in space is unusual, the morphology of bone made at the tibial diaphysis of rats before, during, and after spaceflight is studied. Evidence of arrest lines in the bone formed in space is reported suggesting that bone formation ceases along portions of the periosteum during spaceflight. Visualized by microradiography, the arrest lines are shown to be less mineralized than the surrounding bone matrix. When viewed by scanning electron microscopy, it is seen that bone fractures more readily at the site of an arrest line. These observations are seen as suggesting that arrest lines are a zone of weakness and that their formation may result in decreased bone strength in spite of normalization of bone formation after flight. The occurrence, location, and morphology of arrest lines are seen as suggesting that they are a visible result of the phenomenon of arrested bone formation.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 4
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    Atrophy of rat skeletal muscles in simulated weightlessness (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A hypokinetic rat model was used for elucidation of the mechanism of skeletal muscle wasting which occurs in weightlessness. Rats were suspended from a back-harness with the head tilted downward and the hind limbs totally unloaded. A progressive decrease in the size of the soleus muscle from suspended rats was observed as a function of time. The rate of protein degradation of the homogenates from the soleus muscles of suspended and control animals was not significantly different. The rate of cell-free protein synthesis was severely repressed in the atrophied muscle. An initial rise in the levels of plasma glucose and corticosterone was observed on the second day of suspension, but they subsequently returned to normal values.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 5
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    Calcium transport from the intestine and into bone in a rat model simulating weightlessness (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The objective of this study was to determine whether a defect in transport of calcium in the duodenum was related to decreased bone formation in the suspended rat. Rats were suspended by the tail at a 40 deg angle for up to 15 days. Ca-45 was injected into the ligated duodenum in situ 15 minutes prior to sacrific. Blood, tibia, vertebra and humerus were obtained for total calcium and Ca-45 analyses. Intestinal calcium transport did not appear to be significantly altered by suspension. However, by 5 days of suspension a significant decrease in accumulation of Ca-45 into tibia and vertebra was observed. A trend of decreasing bone mineral and mass was established in tibia and vertebra by the fifth day of suspension. The humerus failed to demonstrate a significant weight decrease or change in Ca-45 accumulation after 15 days of suspension. Results from this simulated weightlessness model suggest that transport of calcium from intestine into bone is decreased within 5 days of suspension. This deficiency appears to be associated with a progressive decrease in total mass of non-weightbearing bones.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 6
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    Interaction of a collisionless conduction front with the chromosphere and solar hard X-ray bursts (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 252
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  • 7
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    Origin and evolution of osmoregulatory mechanisms in blue-green algae as a function of metabolic and structural complexity: Reflections of precambrian paleobiology (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Twenty-four of the twenty-nine cyanobacteria proposed for culture were successfully cultured. Betaines are discussed.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-169929 , NAS 1.26:169929
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  • 8
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    Life science research in space - The Spacelab era (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The events leading up to Spacelab mission 4, which is to be dedicated exclusively to life sciences experimentation in 1984-85, are described. Out of 400 experiment proposals initially received and assessed, 87 candidates were chosen for definition studies to identify the resources which would be required. These proposals addressed such problems encountered in previous space flights as space motion sickness, cardiovascular deconditioning and muscle wasting, calcium loss, and red cell mass reduction. Additional experiments were selected from bioengineering, plant physiology, and cell biology. Human subjects will consist of a Mission Specialist Astronaut and up to four Payload Specialists. Equipment to be used in experimentation includes biotelemetry systems, microscopes, cameras, centrifuges and refrigerators, all of which have been designed for use in weightless conditions. The 87 candidate experiments will be further reduced to about 20.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-ESA Spacelab systems and programs; Apr 23, 1981 - Apr 24, 1981; Washington, DC
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  • 9
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    Altered bone turnover during spaceflight (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Modifications in calcium metabolism during spaceflight were studied, using parameters that reflect bone turnover. Bone formation rate, medullary area, bone length, bone density, pore size distribution, and differential bone cell number were evaluated in growing rate both immediately after and 25 days after orbital spaceflights aboard the Soviet biological satellites Cosmos 782 and 936. The primary effect of space flight on bone turnover was a reversible inhibition of bone formation at the periosteal surface. A simultaneous increase in the length of the periosteal arrest line suggests that bone formation ceased along corresponding portions of that surface. Possible reasons include increased secretion of glucocorticoids and mechanical unloading of the skeleton due to near-weightlessness, while starvation and immobilization are excluded as causes.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: p. S-73
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  • 10
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    Radial variation of the solar wind speed between 1 and 15 AU (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Pioneer 10 and 11 solar wind speeds measured between 1.4 and 15.2 AU are compared with those of IMP 6, 7, and 8 measured at 1 AU for 90-day intervals centered on six solar radial alignments between 1973 and 1978. The time profile of the solar wind speed undergoes change as the distance from the sun increases, which is due to interaction of adjacent solar wind streams. Speed variations are smaller at greater radial distance and both the highest and lowest speeds disappear as radial distance increases. For periods with extremely high speed solar wind streams, the mean solar wind speed decreases as the distance from the sun increases, which must be due to the disappearance of the highest speeds of the streams with increasing distance. It is concluded that at distances from the sun greater than 30-40 AU, the solar wind behavior may closely resemble that of a radially expanding constant speed plasma.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Apr. 1
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