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  • friction  (3)
  • Joint elasticity  (1)
  • Key words Multibody system  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 9 (1994), S. 49-55 
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Keywords: Dynamics ; Industrial robots ; Joint elasticity ; Optimal trajectories ; Path planning ; Simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A procedure is presented for planning optimal trajectories for application to industrial robots. First, trajectories are optimised by considering the nominal dynamics of a robot with rigid links and joints and with constraints on joint torque and speed. The minimum-time optimisation criterion is complemented by a miminal dynamic energy criterion that leads to smoother actuator inputs that do not excite joint vibrations. Weighting factors for these cost functions are then determined by trial simulations. By these means the effect of controller characteristics and elasticity, friction and backlash in the joints may be taken into account. A minimum-time movement for the real-world robot is obtained which displays the dynamical behaviour predicted in the planning procedure. Results from measurements and simulations for a PUMA 562 robot illustrate the approach. Further improvements may be achieved by a custom controller with the feedforward torques as shown in a comparison of trajectories executed with a VAL2 controller and a custom controller.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 69 (1999), S. 265-285 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Multibody system ; contact ; unilateral constraint ; Coulomb friction ; stick-slip ; variational inequality.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Couplings in machines and mechanisms exhibiting backlash and friction phenomena can be modeled as multibody systems with unilateral constraints and Coulomb friction. The structure of the differential-algebraic equations describing the system depends on the state of the constraints. The contact forces occurring at active constraints are taken into account in the equations of motion as Lagrange multipliers. Additionally, the kinematic conditions of all active constraints are formulated on the acceleration level. Contact and friction laws are sufficient conditions for state transitions of active constraints, and are represented by nonsmooth characteristics. Several formulations, like the linear complementarity problem, and two different nonlinear systems of equations are presented together with their solution method. The theory is applied to a mechanical system containing three-dimensional and coupled unilateral constraints with friction.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 69 (1999), S. 503-527 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Unilateral contact ; multibody dynamics ; complementarity ; friction ; impact
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Contact processes may be described by local discretizations, by rigid representation or by mixed methods incorporating both ideas. A rigid body approach is proposed for the dynamics of mechanical systems, achieving good results also for multiple-contact problems. Contacts in multibody systems are mainly considered, with the corresponding contact constraints varying with time, thus generating structure-variant systems. The equations of motion for dynamical systems with such unilateral behavior are discussed, solution methods and applications are presented.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 70 (2000), S. 479-488 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Traction drive ; friction ; contact ; rheology ; thermal effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary  In automotive traction drives, power is transmitted by friction forces. The friction forces result from the shear stresses developed in lubricated and highly loaded contacts between rolling bodies. Due to the kinematics of a traction drive, shear velocities occur in both the rolling direction and perpendicular to it. Due to these shear velocities and by normal pressure, the lubricant is forced to build up shear stresses. The increase of the shear stresses may be modelled by a nonlinear viscous element. The describing differential equations are coupled by the equivalent shear stress, which defines the nonlinear behaviour of the element. A fast method is described to evaluate the coupled differential equations. By using a known analytical approximation for the equivalent shear stress, the differential equations are decoupled and can be solved analytically. In an iterative procedure the equivalent shear stress is updated, and the complete solution is found. The iterative method is extended to account for thermal effects in the contact.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nonlinear dynamics 3 (1992), S. 245-259 
    ISSN: 1573-269X
    Keywords: Unilateral contacts ; constrained motion ; friction ; impacts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In the following a percussion drilling machine is examined as an example for mechanical systems with unilateral contacts. It is characteristic for such systems that the number of degrees of freedom changes during motion. To avoid a description of each possible system state using different sets of minimal coordinates, the constrained motion is taken into account by algebraic relations. This method has the advantage that the motion of the system and simultaneously the constraint forces are available, which is necessary to obtain conditions for a change in the state of the system. Furthermore different combinations of constraints can be easily taken into consideration in this way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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