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  • Diiodides  (3)
  • Ionic Conductivity  (3)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Lithium ; Rare Earth Halides ; Crystal Structure ; Ionic Conductivity ; NMR Spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ternary Halides of the A3MX6Type. VII. The Bromides Li3MBr6 (M=Sm—Lu, Y): Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Ionic MobilityThe bromides Li3MBr6 (M=Sm—Lu, Y) are obtained from the binary components LiBr and MBr3. They crystallize with a substitution/addition variant of the AlCl3- type of structure as was established from single crystal X-ray diffraction data for Li3ErBr6 (monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 2, a = 689.0(3), b = 1191.6(9), c = 684.2(6) pm, β = 109.77(6)°) and by powder X-ray diffraction for the remaining bromides. They are isotypic with Na3GdI6 and Li3ScCl6, respectively. Impedance spectroscopy and 7Li-NMR spectroscopy show that the lithium ions are highly mobile.
    Notes: Die Bromide Li3MBr6 (M=Sm—Lu, Y) erhält man durch Umsetzung der binären Komponenten LiBr und MBr3. Sie kristallisieren in einer Substitutions-Additions-Varianten des AlCl3-Typs, was anhand von röntgenographischen Untersuchungen an einem Einkristall von Li3ErBr6 (monoklin, C2/m, Z = 2, a = 689,0(3); b = 1191,6(9); c = 684,2(6) pm, β = 109,77(6)°) sowie an Pulverproben der übrigen Bromide nachgewiesen wurde. Sie sind isotyp mit Na3GdI6 bzw. Li3ScCl6. Impedanzmessungen und 7Li-NMR-Messungen an Pulverproben zeigen eine hohe Mobilität der Li+-Ionen.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1379-1383 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Metallothermic Reductions ; Dibromides ; Diiodides ; Ternary Halides ; Neodymium ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metallothermic Reduction of the Tribromide and -iodide of Neodymium with Alkali MetalsMetallothermic reduction (700-800°C, 2-3d, tantalum capsules) of NdX3 (X = Br, I) with an equimolar amount of alkali metal (A = Li—Rb) results in the case of lithium and sodium (except for the system Li/NdBr3) in the formation of the dihalides NdX2 (NdBr2 with the PbCl2-type, NdI2 with the SrBr2-type of structure). With A = K and Rb, KNd2Br5, RbNd2Br5, RbNd2I5 and “K8Nd7I25” are obtained. The first three crystallize with the monoclinic TlPb2Cl5-type (space group P21/c), the latter with the orthorhombic K2PrCl5-type of structure (space group Pnma) containing both Nd3+ and Nd2+.
    Notes: Die metallothermische Reduktion (700-800°C, 2-3d, Tantalampulle) von NdX3 (X = Br, I) mit äquimolaren Mengen an Alkalimetall (A = Li—Rb) führt im Falle von Lithium und Natrium (mit Ausnahme von NdBr3/Li) zu den Dihalogeniden NdX2 (NdBr2 im PbCl2-Typ, NdI2 im SrBr2-Typ). Bei der Umsetzung mit Kalium und Rubidium erhält man KNd2Br5, RbNd2Br5 bzw. RbNd2I5, die im monoklinen TlPb2Cl5-Typ (Raumgruppe P21/c) kristallisieren, sowie das isostrukturelle “K8Nd7I25”, das neben Nd2+ auch Nd3+ enthält und zum K2PrCl5-Typ gehört (orthorhombisch, Raumgruppe Pnma).
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1374-1378 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Metallothermic Reduction ; Dibromides ; Diiodides ; Ternary Halides ; Dysprosium ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metallothermic Reduction of the Tribromide and -iodide of Dysprosium with Alkali MetalsMetallothermic reduction (900-1000°C, 2-3 d, tantalum capsules) of DyX3 (X = Br, I) with alkali metals (A = Li—Cs) results in the case of lithium and sodium (except for the system DyBr3/Li) in the formation of the dihalides DyX2 (DyI2 with the CdCl2-type, DyBr2 with the SrI2-type of structure). The reduction of DyI3 with potassium leads to K1.71DyI4 which crystallizes hexagonally with a = 1 446.7(2) pm and c = 473.3(1) pm, space group P62m (Z = 3). In K1.71DyI4, [DyI6]-octahedra are edge-connected forming chains along [001] that are linked via K+. With A = K, Rb, Cs, variants of the perovskite-type of structure with the composition ADyX3 are obtained. They crystallize with the tetragonal NaNbO3-II-type (CsDyBr3) or with the orthorhombic GdFeO3-type of structure (KDyBr3, RbDyX3, CsDyI3).
    Notes: Bei der metallothermischen Reduktion (Tantalampulle, 900-1 000°C, 2-3 d) von DyX3 (X = Br, I) mit den Alkalimetallen (A = Li—Cs) erhält wird im Falle von Lithium und Natrium (außer im System DyBr3/Li) die Dihalogenide DyX2 (DyI2 im CdCl2-Typ, γyBr2 im SrI2-Typ). Die Reduktion von DyI3 mit Kalium führt zu K1,71DyI4, das hexagonal mit a = 1 446,7(2) pm, c = 473,3(1) pm, Z = 3 in der Raumgruppe P62m kristallisiert: [DyI6]-Oktaeder werden über Kanten längs [001] zu Ketten verknüpft, die durch K+-Ionen verbunden werden. Die Reduktion von DyBr3 mit Kalium, Rubidium und Caesium bzw. DyI3 mit Rubidium und Caesium führen zu Perowskitvarianten ADyX3, die bis auf CsDyBr3 (tetragonaler NaNbO3-II-Typ), im orthorhombischen GdFeO3-Typ kristallisieren.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 618 (1992), S. 7-12 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Metallothermic Reduction ; Dibromides ; Diiodides ; Thulium ; Ytterbium ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metallothermic Reduction of the Tribromides and -iodides of Thulium and Ytterbium with Alkali MetalsMetallothermic reduction of the trihalides MX, (M = Tm, Yb; X = Br, I) with equimolar amounts of alkali metal (A = Li—Cs; 700-800°C, 7 d, tantalum capsules) results in the formation of the dihalides MX, (MI, with the Cd1,-type of structure, MBr, with the SrI2- or α-PbO2-type of structure) in the case of lithium and sodium. With A = K, Rb, Cs variants of the perovskitetype structure with the composition AMX, are obtained. They crystallize with the undistorted cubic CaTiO3-type (CsYbBr3), with the tetragonal NaNbO3-11-type (CsTmBr3) or with the orthorhombic GdFeO3-type (CsMI3, RbMX3 and KMBr3). In KTmI, and KYbI3, corner- and edge-connected [MI6] octahedra form layers which are connected via K+ in analogy to a stuffed PuBr3- or the FeUS3-type structure (orthorhombic, Cmcm). Single crystals of Rb4YbI6 are obtained as a by product upon the reduction of YbI3 with rubidium. According to their K4CdCl6-type structure (trigonal, R3c), isolated [YbI6] octahedra are the main structural feature.
    Notes: Bei der metallothermischen Reduktion der Trihalogenide MX3 (M = Tm, Yb; X = Br, I) mit äquimolaren Mengen an Alkalimetall (A = Li—Cs; 700-800°C, 7 d, Tantalampullen) werden im Falle von Lithium und Natrium die Dihalogenide MX2 erhalten (MI2 im CdI2-Typ, MBr2 im SrI2-bzw. α-PbO2-Typ). Mit A = K, Rb, Cs entstehen Perowskitvarianten AMX3, die im unverzerrten kubischen CaTiO3-Typ (CsYbBr3), im tetragonalen NaNbO3-II-Typ (CsTmBr3) bzw. im orthorhombischen GdFeO3-Typ (CsMI3, RbMX3 und KMBr3) kristallisieren. Bei KTmI3 und KYbI3 treten ecken- und kantenverknüpfte [MI6]-Oktaeder auf, die Schichten bilden und durch K+ analog einer aufgefüllten PuBr3- bzw. der FeUS3-Struktur (orthorhombisch, Cmcm) zusammengehalten werden. Als Nebenprodukt bei der Reaktion von YbI3 mit Rubidium erhält man Einkristalle von Rb4YbI6 im K4CdCl6-Typ (trigonal, R3c), in dem isolierte [YbI6]-Oktaeder vorliegen.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Rare-Earth Halides ; Crystal Structure ; Ionic Conductivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ternary Halides of the A3MX6 Type. V. Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Sodium Ionic Conductivity of the Ternary Iodides Na3MI6 (M = Sm, Gd-Dy) and of the Solid Solution Halides Na3GdBr6-xIxThe system Na3GdBr6-xIx exhibits a complete solid solution. The influence of the successive substitution of iodide for bromide on structure and ionic conductivity has been investigated systematically. X-ray structure determination from single crystal and powder data shows that the cryolite-type of structure is observed for x 〈 1 [Na3GdBr5.1I0.9, monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 2, a = 734.6(10), b = 779.5(9), c = 1101(2) pm, β = 90.8(2)°]. For x 〉 3 the new Na3GdI6 type is observed [monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 2, a = 787.5(1), b = 1353.4(2), c = 778.3(1) pm, β = 110.14(1)°; for Na3GdBr2.4I3.6: a = 772.7(4), b = 1323.3(7), c = 765.8(4) pm, β = 110.14(3)°]. In between, an ordered variant of the Na3GdI6 structure type is found with a doubled c axis [for Na3GdBr4.8I1.2: monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 4, a = 751.5(4), b = 1285.7(6), c = 1413.7(7) pm, β = 99,65(2)°]. Ionic conductivity measurements by impedance spectroscopy exhibit a decline of the activation energies for Na+ conductivity for halides with unchanged crystal structures with increasing substitution by iodide.
    Notes: Das System Na3GdBr6-XIX zeigt vollständige Mischkristallbildung. Der Einfluß des sukzessiven Austausches von Bromid gegen Iodid auf Struktur und Ionenleitfähigkeit wurde systematisch untersucht. Röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Einkristallen und Pulverproben ergaben, daß der Kryolith-Typ für x 〈 1 auftritt [Na3GdBr5,1I0,9 monoklin, P21/n, Z = 2, a = 734,6(10), b = 779,5(9), c = 1101(2) pm, β = 90,8(2)°]. Für x 〉 3 tritt der neue Na3GdI6-Typ auf [monoklin, C2/m, Z = 2, a = 787,5(1), b = 1353,4(2), c = 778,3(1) pm, β = 110,14(1)°; für Na3GdBr2,4I3,6: a = 772,7(4), b = 1323,3(7), c = 765,8(4) pm, β = 110,34(3)°]. Dazwischen beobachtet man eine ebenfalls bisher nicht bekannte Ordnungsvariante zum Na3GdI6-Typ, die eine verdoppelte c-Achse aufweist [für Na3GdBr4,8I1,2: monoklin, C2/c, Z = 4, a = 751,5(4), b = 1285,7(6), c = 1413,7(7) pm, β = 99,65(2)°]. Leitfähigkeitsmessungen mittels Impedanzspektroskopie zeigen in Bereichen mit unveränderter Kristallstruktur eine schrittweise Abnahme der Aktivierungsenergie mit zunehmendem Iodidgehalt.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Scandium ; Halides ; Crystal Structures ; Ionic Conductivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ternary Halides of the A3MX6 Type. IV. Ternary Halides of Scandium with Sodium, Na3ScX6 (X = F, Cl, Br): Synthesis, Structures, Ionic ConductivityX-ray studies on single crystals of Na3ScF6 and Na3ScBr6 show, that Na3ScF6 crystallizes with the cryolite type (monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 2, a = 560.16(9), b = 580.31(8), c = 812.1(2)pm, β = 90.720(14)°) and Na3ScBr6, as the only ternary bromide of the rare earth elements with sodium, in the Na3CrCl6 type (trigonal, P31c, Z = 2, a = 728.95(7), c = 1309.29(17)pm). The ionic conductivity of powder samples of Na3ScF6, Na3ScBr6 and of Na3ScCl6 was studied by impedance spectroscopy. Activation energies were determined as 1.22 eV, 0.80 eV and 0.71 eV for the fluoride, chloride and bromide, respectively. The differences are explained from the crystal structures and the sizes and polarizabilities of the anions.
    Notes: Röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Einkristallen von Na3ScF6 und Na3ScBr6 ergaben, daß Na3ScF6 im Kryolith-Typ (monoklin, P21/n, Z = 2, a = 560,16(9), b = 580,31(8), c = 812,1(2)pm, β = 90,720(14)°) und Na3ScBr6 als bisher einziges ternäres Bromid der Selten-Erd-Elemente mit Natrium im Na3CrCl6-Typ (trigonal, P31c, Z = 2, a = 728,95(7), c = 1309,29(17)pm) kristallisieren. An Pulverproben von Na3ScF6 und Na3ScBr6 sowie an Na3ScCl6 wurden Leitfähigkeitsuntersuchungen mittels Impedanzspektroskopie vorgenommen und aus den Ergebnissen die Aktivierungsenergien für den Leitungsprozeß zu 1,22 eV, 0,80 eV und 0,71 eV für das Fluorid, Chlorid bzw. Bromid bestimmt. Die Unterschiede werden aus den Kristallstrukturen sowie durch die Größen und Polarisierbarkeiten der Anionen erklärt.
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