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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the median protocerebrum and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 1-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insect nervous system ; Protocerebrum ; Suboesophageal ganglion ; Manduca sexta (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the median protocerebrum and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta were individually reconstructed. Serotonin immunoreactivity was detected in 19–20 bilaterally symmetrical pairs of interneurons in the midbrain and 10 pairs in the suboesophageal ganglion. These neurons were also immunoreactive with antisera against DOPA decarboxylase. All major neuropil regions except the protocerebral bridge are innervated by these neurons. In addition, efferent cells are serotonin-immunoreactive in the frontal ganglion (5 neurons) and the suboesophageal ganglion (2 pairs of neurons). The latter cells probably give rise to an extensive network of immunoreactive terminals on the surface of the suboesophageal ganglion and suboesophageal nerves. Most of the serotonin-immunoreactive neurons show a gradient in the intensity of immunoreactive staining, suggesting low levels of serotonin in cell bodies and dendritic arbors and highest concentrations in axonal terminals. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells often occur in pairs with similar morphological features. With one exception, all serotonin-immunoreactive neurons have bilateral projections with at least some arborizations in identical neuropil areas in both hemispheres. The morphology of several neurons suggests that they are part of neuronal feedback circuits. The similarity in the arborization patterns of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons raises the possibility that their outgrowing neurites experienced similar forces during embryonic development. The morphological similarities further suggest that serotonin-immunoreactive interneurons in the midbrain and suboesophageal ganglion share physiological characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223139
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx mothManduca sexta and colocalization with SCPB-, BPP-, and GABA-like immunoreactivity (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 401-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; FMRFamide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insect nervous system ; Manduca sexta (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using an antiserum against the tetrapeptide FMRFamide, we have studied the distribution of FMRFamide-like substances in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx mothManduca sexta. More than 2000 neurons per hemisphere exhibit FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity. Most of these cells reside within the optic lobe. Particular types of FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons can be identified. Among these are neurosecretory cells, putatively centrifugal neurons of the optic lobe, local interneurons of the antennal lobe, mushroom-body Kenyon cells, and small-field neurons of the central complex. In the suboesophageal ganglion, groups of ventral midline neurons exhibit FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity. Some of these cells have axons in the maxillary nerves and apparently give rise to FMRFamide-immunoreactive terminals in the sheath of the suboesophageal ganglion and the maxillary nerves. In local interneurons of the antennal lobe and a particular group of protocerebral neurons, FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity is colocalized with GABA-like immunoreactivity. This suggests that FMRFamide-like peptides may be cotransmitters of these putatively GABAergic interneurons. All FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons are, furthermore, immunoreactive with an antiserum against bovine pancreatic polypeptide, and the vast majority is also immunoreactive with an antibody against the molluscan small cardioactive peptide SCPB. Therefore, it is possible that more than one peptide is localized within many FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons. The results suggest that FMRFamide-related peptides are widespread within the nervous system ofM. sexta and might function as neurohormones and neurotransmitters in a variety of neuronal cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740767
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomical identification of glomeruli in the antennal lobes of the male sphinx moth Manduca sexta (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 205-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect nervous system ; Antennal lobe ; Olfactory system ; Manduca sexta (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Computer-assisted neuroanatomical methods have been used to demonstrate unique identities of the glomeruli of the antennal lobes (ALs) in males of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta. The glomerular neuropil consists of the male-specific macroglomerular complex, which comprises two closely apposed bulky subunits, and 64±1 “ordinary” glomeruli arrayed in a shell around a central region of coarse neuropil. Computergenerated maps show the exact locations of all glomeruli and adjacent groups of neuronal somata in a constant Cartesian coordinate system, such that these can be accurately identified in any individual. The glomeruli belong to three classes according to the number and type of identification criteria they satisfy. The larger class comprises glomeruli (n=44) identified only in the computer-generated maps on the basis of their relative positions. The other two classes include glomeruli that were also identified in sections, either directly from their proximity to readily identifiable structures and their shape and size (n=10, including the labial-palp-pit-organ (LPO) glomerulus), or indirectly from their positions relative to the former (n=9). Two very small glomeruli were present in only one AL, demonstrating the existence of anomalous glomeruli, whereas another glomerulus had no homologue in both ALs of one individual. The true number of ordinary glomeruli (per male AL) was thus estimated to be 64. The uncertainty in delineating some glomeruli might affect this number without implying modification of the homologies proposed. The locations of tracts and cell groups, both within and near the AL, are also invariant with respect to glomeruli, as shown in the computer maps. The methods employed are general and might be useful to researchers in related fields. The results obtained call for more attention to the precise geometry of neural structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328007
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemistry of GABA in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion ofManduca sexta (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 1-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect nervous system ; Protocerebrum ; Suboesophageal ganglion ; GABA ; Immunocytochemistry ; Manduca sexta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have used specific antisera against protein-conjugatedγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in immunocytochemical preparations to investigate the distribution of putatively GABAergic neurons in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx mothManduca sexta. About 20000 neurons per brain hemisphere exhibit GABA-immunoreactivity. Most of these are optic-lobe interneurons, especially morphologically centrifugal neurons of the lamina and tangential neurons that innervate the medulla or the lobula complex. Many GABA-immunoreactive neurons, among them giant fibers of the lobula plate, project into the median protocerebrum. Among prominent GABA-immunoreactive neurons of the median protocerebrum are about 150 putatively negative-feedback fibers of the mushroom body, innervating both the calyces and lobes, and a group of large, fan-shaped neurons of the lower division of the central body. Several commissures in the supra- and suboesophageal ganglion exhibit GABA-immunoreactivity. In the suboesophageal ganglion, a group of contralaterally descending neurons shows GABA-like immunoreactivity. The frontal ganglion is innervated by immunoreactive processes from the tritocerebrum but does not contain GABA-immunoreactive somata. With few exceptions the brain nerves do not contain GABA-immunoreactive fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239957
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemistry of GABA in the antennal lobes of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antennal lobe ; GABA-immunocytochemistry ; Insect nervous system ; Olfactory system ; Manduca sexta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have prepared and characterized specific rabbit antisera against γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) coupled covalently to bovine serum albumin and keyhole-limpet hemocyanin. Using these antisera in immunocytochemical staining procedures, we have probed the antennal lobes and their afferent and efferent fiber tracts in the sphinx moth Manduca sexta for GABA-like immunoreactivity in order to map putatively GABAergic central neurons in the central antennal-sensory pathway. About 30% of the neuronal somata in the large lateral group of cell bodies in the antennal lobe are GABA-immunoreactive; cells in the medial and anterior groups of antennal-lobe cells did not exhibit GABA-like immunoreactivity. GABA-immunoreactive neurites had arborizations in all of the glomeruli in the antennal lobe. Double-labeling experiments involving tandem intracellular staining with Lucifer Yellow and immunocytochemical staining for GABA-like immunoreactivity demonstrated that at least some of the GABA-immunoreactive cells in the antennal lobe are amacrine local interneurons. Several fiber tracts that carry axons of antennal-lobe projection neurons exhibited GABA-immunoreactive fibers. Among the possibly GABA-containing projection neurons are several cells, with somata in the lateral group of the antennal lobe, that send their axons directly to the lateral protocerebmm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219199
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomy of antenno-cerebral pathways in the brain of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 255-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect nervous system ; Antennal lobe ; Olfactory system ; Protocerebrum ; Antennal interneurons ; Manduca sexta (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the moth Manduca sexta, the number and morphology of neuronal connections between the antennal lobes and the protocerebrum were examined. Cobalt injections revealed eight morphological types of neurons with somata adjacent to the AL neuropil that project in the inner, middle, and outer antenno-cerebral tracts to the protocerebrum. Neurons innervating the macroglomerular complex and many neurons with fibers in the inner antennocerebral tract have uniglomerular antennal-lobe arborizations. Most neurons in the middle and outer antenno-cerebral tracts, on the other hand, seem to innervate more than one glomerulus. Protocerebral areas receiving direct input from the antennal lobe include the calyces of the mushroom bodies, and circumscribed areas termed “olfactory foci” in the lateral horn of the protocerebrum and several other regions, especially areas in close proximity to the mushroom bodies. Fibers in the inner antenno-cerebral tract that innervate the male-specific macroglomerular complex have arborizations in the protocerebrum that are distinct from the projections of sexually non-specific neurons. Protocerebral neurons projecting into the antennal lobe are much less numerous than antennal-lobe output cells. Most of these protocerebral fibers enter the antennal lobe in small fiber tracts that are different from those described above. In the protocerebrum, these centrifugal cells arborize in olfactory foci and also in the inferior median protocerebrum and the lateral accessory lobes. The morphological diversity of connections between the antennal lobes and the protocerebrum, described here for the first time on a single-cell level, suggests a much greater physiological complexity of the olfactory system than has been assumed so far.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225800
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  • 7
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    A Polarimeter for SOFIA: Summary of Research (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The purpose of this research was to study designs for a far-infrared polarimeter for SOFIA that would greatly surpass the performance of the earlier polarimeter, Stokes, used on the Kuiper Airborne Observatory. Specifically we wished to gain the sensitivity to observe much fainter objects, to provide a choice of passbands, to reduce systematic errors, and to improve the efficiency. All of these objectives were successfully addressed. The gain in sensitivity will be achieved in part by the superior capabilities of SOFIA but to an even greater extent by the incorporation of new-technology detector arrays. We are developing superconducting transition-edge detectors using the "pop-up" design conceived by Dr. Harvey Moseley. The choice of passbands is achieved by providing three alternative optical paths, each with its own spectral filter, half-wave plate, and pupil tens. A new investigation has shown that multiwavelength observations provide an essential feature of far-infrared polarimetry. The principal source of systematic errors in observations of extended objects has been unknown polarization in the reference beams. We have developed a strategy for estimating these errors.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Far-Infrared Astronomy with The Kuiper Airborne Observatory (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This report summarizes work made possible by NASA's Kuiper Airborne Observatory. The results of the work have appeared in over 80 papers. The publications fall in three main areas: instrumentation, observations, and analysis. Although there is considerable overlap between these categories it will be convenient to group them separately.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    The Osiris-Rex Mission - Sample Acquisitions Strategy and Evidence for the Nature of Regolith on Asteroid (101955) 1999 RQ36 (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA selected the OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission as the third New Frontiers mission in May 2011 [I]. The mission name is an acronym that captures the scientific objectives: Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer. OSIRIS-REx will characterize near-Earth asteroid (101955) 1999 RQ36, which is both the most accessible carbonaceous asteroid [2,3] and one of the most potentially hazardous asteroids known [4]. The primary objective of the mission is to return a pristine sample from this bod, to advance our understanding of the generation, evolution, and maturation of regolith on small bodies.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: GSFC.ABS.6358.2012 , Comets and Meteors 2012 Conference; May 16, 2012 - May 20, 2012; Niigata; Japan
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  • 10
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    Far-Infrared Polarimetry of Galactic Clouds from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: In this paper we present a complete summary of the data obtained with the far-infrared polarimeter, Stokes, in flights of the Kuiper Airborne Observatory. We have observed 12 Galactic clouds and have made over 1100 individual measurements at 100 micrometer and 60 micrometer. The median P for all of the 60 micrometer and 100 micrometer measurements is 3.6% and 2.6% respectively. We also present flux maps obtained simultaneously with the polarimetry.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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