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  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metalated Nitrogen Derivatives of Carbonic Acid in Organic Synthesis, IXα-(Alkoxycarbonylamino) acrylates) (N-Acyldehydroamino Acid Esters) by Base InducedRing Cleavage of 3-Alkoxycarbonyl-2-thioxo-4-oxazolidinecarboxylates3-Alkoxycarbonyl-2-thioxo-4-oxazolidinecarboxylates 6 are prepared by acylation of 2-thioxo-4-oxazolidinecarboxylates 4 or of their alkali salts 3, which are readily obtained form isothiocyanatoacetates 1, and aldehydes or ketones. The esters 6 undergo base induced ring cleavage by means of potassium tert-butoxide in tetrahydrofurane at -70°C or by thermolysis at 160-180°C to yield α-(alkoxycarbonylamino)acrylic acid esters 13. The sequence 1→6→13 provides a simple high yield route for derivatives of dehydroamino acids bearing N-acyl protecting groups (e. g. Z), which are used in peptide synthesis, by formation of the central carbon bond. - The stereo chemical course of the reaction is investigated. Another example for hindered rotation around a urethane bond at room temperature is reported for (E)-and (Z)-2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-phenylcrotonic acid methyl ester (13k).
    Notes: Durch Acylierung der (aus Isothiocyanatoessigsäureestern 1 und Aldehyden oder Ketonen bequem erhältlichen) 2-Thioxo-4-oxazolidincarbonsäureester 4 oder ihrer Alkalisalze 3 werden 3-Alkoxycarbonyl-2-thioxo-4-oxazolidincarbonsäureester 6 dargestellt. Die baseninduzierte Ringöffnung von 6 (Kalium-tert-butylat in Tetrahydrofuran bei -70°C) oder Thermolyse bei 160 bis 180°C führt zu 2-(Alkoxycarbonylamino)acrylsäureestern 13. Die Sequenz 1→6→13 erlaubt die einfache und ergiebige Synthese von Derivaten der α,β-Dehydroaminosäuren mit N-Acyl-Schutzgruppen (z. B. Z), wie sie in der Peptid-Synthese benötigt werden, unter Aufbau der C-α—C-β-Bindung. Die Stereochemie der Ringöffnung wird untersucht. Über die Rotationsbehinderung der Urethan-Gruppe in (E)- und (Z)-2-Benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-phenylcrotonsäure-methylester (13k) bei Raumtemperatur wird berichtet.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metalated Nitrogen Derivatives of Carbonic Acid in Organic Synthesis, VIII2-Thioxo-oxazolidines by Cycloaddition of α-Metalated Alkyl Isothiocyanates to Carbonyl CompoundsAlkyl isothiocyanates 3, bearing in α-position at least one further - M-substituent (e. g. alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, or vinyl) are metalated by means of potassium tert-butoxide or sodium hydride to give the anions 4, which add to aldehydes or ketones 8 to yield the salts 9. After neutralization from 9 di-, tri-, or tetra substituted 2-thioxo-oxazolidines 2 are obtained. The mechanism and side reactions are discussed. Relative configurations of diastereomeric compounds 2 are ascertained H n. m. r. spectroscopically, in part by application of lanthanide shift reagents. The oxazolidinethiones 2 are desulfurized to the 2-oxazolidinones 12.
    Notes: Alkylisothiocyanate 3, die in α-Stellung mindestens einen weiteren -M-Substituenten )z. B. Alkoxycarbonyl, Aryl oder Vinyl) tragen, werden mit Kalium-tert-butylat oder Natriumhydrid zu den Anionen 4 metalliert und an Aldehyde oder Ketone 8 zu den Salzen 9 addiert. Protonierung ergibt die di-, tri- oder tetrasubstituierten 2-Thioxo-oxazolidine 2. Der Mechanismus und die Nebenreaktionen werden diskutiert. Die relative Konfiguration diastereomerer Verbindungen 2 wird 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch - teilweise mit Hilfe von Lanthanid-Verschiebungsreagentien - bestimmt. Die Oxazolidinthione 2 werden zu den 2-Oxazolidinonen 12 entschwefelt.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metallated Nitrogen Derivatives of Carbonic Acid in Organic Synthesis, XXVII. - Homoaldol Reaction, VII. Lithiation of Acyclic 2-Alkenyl N,N-Dialkylcarbamates. - Silylation and γ-Selective α-Hydroxyalkylation of Homoenolate Reagents2-Alkenyl N,N-dialkylcarbamates 20 are deprotonated by n-butyllithium/TMEDA to form lithium compounds 21 which are versatile homoenolate reagents. The diisopropylcarbamoyl group is not attacked by butyllithium below - 70°C. Due to the high kinetic acidity of the α-protons in 20, 1-oxyallyl anions 21, bearing up to two alkyl groups in any given distribution are accessible. - The reaction of 21 with chlorotrimethylsilane gives silanes 28 and/or 29. The regiochemistry of the silylation is mainly controlled by the position of methyl groups present in 21. - The addition of aldehydes or ketones 14 to 21 proceeds with high γ-selectivity yielding 4-hydroxyenol carbamates 30, which are methanolized in the presence of catalytic amounts of mercuric salts to afford 2-methoxytetrahydrofurans (γ-lactol ethers) 33. Subsequent oxidation of 33 yields γ-lactones 34. Alternatively, O-acetyl derivatives 32 are hydrolyzed to afford γ-acetoxyalkanals or -alkanones 36. Alltogether, the method provides a general and flexible way for realization of homoaldol reactions. - (2E)- and (2Z)- butenyllithium compounds 21 g and h are configuratively stable at the reaction conditions, which is an important requirement for accomplishment of syn- and anti-diastereoselective homoaldol reactions. - S-(2-alkenyl) N,N-dimethylthiocarbamates 12 are similarly deprotonated and hydroxyalkylated, but hydrolysis of enol thiocarbamates 15 to prepare homoaldols is not feasible.
    Notes: N, N-Dialkylcarbamidsäure-2-alkenylester 20 werden durch n-Butyllithium/TMEDA zu den Lithium-Verbindungen 21 deprotoniert, welche als vielseitige Homoenolat-Reagenzien verwendbar sind. Die Diisopropylcarbamoyloxy-Gruppe wird unterhalb von - 70°C nicht von Butyllithium angegriffen. Sie verleiht den α-Protonen in 20 eine hohe kinetische Acidität; daher sind auch 1-Oxyallyl-Anionen 21, welche bis zu zwei Alkylgruppen in beliebiger Anordnung tragen, einfach zugänglich. - Die Umsetzung von 21 mit Chlortrimethylsilan ergibt die Silane 28 und/oder 29; dabei wird die Regiochemie weitgehend von der Position vorhandener Methylgruppen bestimmt. - Aldehyde oder Ketone 14 addieren sich an 21 hoch γ-regioselektiv zu 4-Hydroxyenolcarbamaten 30, welche unter Quecksilbersalz-Katalyse zu 2-Methoxytetrahydrofuranen (γ-Lactolethern) 33 methanolisiert werden. Durch nachfolgende Oxidation werden γ-Lactone 34 erhalten. Nach O-Acetylierung von 30 zu 32 mit anschließender Hydrolyse werden γ-Acetoxyalkanale oder -alkanone 36 gewonnen. Somit ermöglicht die Methode eine allgemeine und flexible präparative Lösung für die Homoaldol-Reaktion. - Die (2E)- und (2Z)-Butenyllithium-Verbindungen 21g und h sind unter den Reaktionsbedingungen konfigurationsstabil; damit ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für syn- und anti-selektive Homoaldol-Reaktionen erfüllt. - N,N-Dimethylthiocarbamidsäure-S-(2-alkenylester) 12 lassen sich analog zu 20 deprotonieren und hydroxyalkylieren, doch sind die Enolthiocarbamate 15 nicht zu Homoaldolen hydrolysierbar.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 1580-1592 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses with α-Metalated Isocyanides, XXIX. Higher Amino Acids by Alkylation of α-Metalated Ethyl α-Isocyanopropionate and Alkyl IsocyanoacetatesEthyl α-isocyanopropionate (1a) reacts with alkylating agents (3) via the α-metalated derivatives 2a to give higher ethyl α-isocyano-α-methylalkanoates (4). In the reaction of ethyl isocyanoacetate (1b) with 3 bis-alkylation dominates to yield 5. 1,2-Dibromoethane, bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, and 1,4-dibromobutane react with 1b or 1c to form the 1-isocyano-1-cycloalkanecarboxylic esters 8, 9, or 10. With tert-butyl isocyanoacetate (1c), however, monoalkylation occurs to give 6. The isocyano group in the alkylated products can be converted by mild acid hydrolysis to the N-formylamino or amino group. Thus the base-induced alkylation of lower alkyl α-isocyanoalkanoates followed by acid hydrolysis represents a novel route to higher amino acids.
    Notes: Aus α-Isocyanpropionsäure-äthylester (1a) erhält man über die α-metallierten Derivate (2a) mit Alkylierungsmitteln (3) höhere 1-Isocyan-1-methyl-1-alkancarbonsäure-äthylester (4). Mit Isocyanessigsäure-äthylester (1b) und 3 dominiert die Bis-Alkylierung zu den 1-Isocyan-1-alkancarbonsäureestern 5, mit 1,2-Dibromäthan, Bis(2-chloräthyl)-äther und 1,4-Dibrombutan isoliert man die 1-Isocyan-1-cycloalkancarbonsäureester 8, 9, und 10. Beim Isocyanessigsäure-tert-butylester (1c) ist die Mono-Alkylierung zu 6 begünstigt. Die Isocyan-Gruppe hydrolysieren. D.h. die baseninduzierte Alkylierung niederer α-Isocyan-alkancarbonsäureester, gekoppelt mit der Hydrolyse der Isocyan-Gruppe, stellt ein neues Verfahren dar zum Aufbau höherer Aminosäuren.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3939-3941 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Note on the γ-Bromination of 2-Isothiocyanato-2-butenoates and Subsequent Nucleophilic Substitutions2)2-Isothiocyanato-2-butenoates 1 and 5 are brominated by means of N-bromosuccinimid to yield γ-bromo isothiocyanates 2 and 6, respectively. The reaction of bromides 2 with nucleophiles predominantly proceeds by γ-substitution or alternatively via a prior attack at the N = C = S group followed by cycloalkylation to provide 6H-l,3-thiazine-4-carboxylates 9.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Homoaldol reaction ; enantioselective ; Hydroxy-directed diepoxidation,diastereoselective ; Epoxide opening ; nucleophilic ; regioselective ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enantiomerically enriched (Z)-anti-3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-alkadienyl N,N-diisopropylcarbamates 12, readily obtained by the homoaldol approach, were oxidized with essentially complete diastereoselectivity to afford 1,2:5,6-diepoxides 14 of D-allo configuration. Conditions were worked out for the transformation of 14 into furanosides of types 19, 21, and 22 and for the selective nucleophilic introduction of carbon residues into the 6-position to give chain-elongated analogues 25. Altogether, a “brick-box system” for the enantioselective construction of polystereogenic building blocks with a few synthetic steps from simple achiral starting materials [(E)-2-alkenyl carbamates of type 9 and 2-alkyl-2-alkenals (11)] and nucleophiles, like Grignard reagents, is demonstrated.
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