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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ternary gas mixture separation in two-membrane permeators (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 529-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Single-stage separation of ternary gas mixtures of He, CO2, and N2 in a hollow-fiber permeator that simultaneously houses two different types of membranes, cellulose acetate and silicone rubber, was investigated. The two membranes have reverse selectivities with respect to He and CO2. Such a two-membrane permeator separates the feed into three streams, two permeates and one reject, each stream being enriched in a different component. The species permeabilities through each membrane were measured independently, and these values were utilized in a simulation that incorporates the fiber lumen pressure drops, the elastic deformation of the silicone capillaries, and the asymmetric structure of the CA membrane. Simulation results are compared with experimental data. Effects of flow pattern, relative permeation areas of the two membranes, permeate pressure ratios, feed composition, and membrane selectivities are studied. Advantages of the two-membrane scheme over the conventional permeators with only one kind of membrane are discussed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330402
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of solutes from aqueous solutions by contained liquid membranes (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1698-1708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hollow fiber contained liquid membrane (CLM) is a thin liquid film contained in the interstices of two sets of intermingled microporous hollow fine fibers. Organic CLM-s have been used here for the separation of solutes from an aqueous feed into an aqueous strip. Solutes studied are phenol and acetic acid. The separations are carried out in either hydrophilic or hydrophobic hollow fiber CLM permeator modules, using a variety of organic liquids (e.g., decanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, xylene) as membranes. First-order models have been developed to predict the overall solute transfer coefficients adequately. The transfer coefficient can be enhanced significantly when a chemical reaction is carried out on the strip side using NaOH. The advantages of the CLM structure include operational stability, independent control of membrane phase pressure, automatic replenishment of the lost membrane liquid, and absence of the need for preequilibration. These features are demonstrated here, even for systems with considerable aqueous-organic mutual solubilities.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341014
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metals sorption by chelating polymers: A unique role of ionic strength (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380116
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-exchange resins for improved stability in biological and enzymatic reactors (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1745-1748 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351022
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric cellulose acetate hollow fibers: Studies in gas permeation (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 417-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas separation behavior of permeators containing asymmetric cellulose acetate hollow fibers with the dense skin on the outside, facing the feed gas, has been investigated experimentally and theoretically using a sweep gas technique. Two systems were studied: CO2-N2, and O2-N2 (air). If the membrane structure is assumed to be symmetric or homogeneous, the model complies with the present data much better, compared to the assumption that the membrane is asymmetric.Separation was carried out with the high-pressure feed outside the fibers as well as inside the fibers. In both cases the data were well predicted by the homogeneous model. No concentration polarization effects were found when the feed flowed inside the fibers. The inherent membrane separation capability appeared practically the same whether the feed was inside or outside the fibers. Internal pressurization did not damage the membrane performance for the low pressure range used.These findings enable the operation of asymmetric hollow-fiber permeators with the feed inside the fiber lumen, which gives better separation in high stage cut situations.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340309
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling chromate ion-exchange processes (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 2019-2029 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In spite of chromate's very high selectivity at acidic pH, fixed-bed chromate-exchange processes always suffer from severe gradual breakthroughs of chromate during column runs. Earlier, Sengupta and Clifford confirmed that such a gradual breakthrough is an equilibrium phenomenon and provided the underlying ion-exchange mechanism. An algorithm, developed with the aid of the governing chromate ion-exchange mechanism, is presented here to predict the salient properties of chromate-exchange processes in a multicomponent system. The model predicts the gradual chromate breakthroughs during column runs fairly accurately and also accounts for other unusual characteristics of chromate ion exchange. Average separation factor models, often used for designing fixed-bed ion-exchange processes, are unable to predict the gradual breakthrough characteristics of a preferred component such as chromate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341211
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel liquid-in-pore configurations in membrane solvent extraction (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1592-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361018
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanistic studies on the Reactions of Cis-Diaquobis (Biguanide)Chromium(III) ion with 2,2′-dipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 424 (1976), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen der Mechanismen der Reaktionen des cis-Diaquobis(biguanid)-Chrom(III)-Ions mit 2.2′-Dipyridyl und 1.10-PhenanthrolinKinetische Untersuchungen in wäßriger Lösung über den Austausch der Wasser-Liganden im cis-[Cr(BigH)2(OH2)2]3+ (BigH = Biguanid, C2H7N5) durch 2.2′-Dipyridyl bzw. 1.10-Phenanthrolin (phen) unter Bildung von [Cr(BigH)2(AA)]3+ (AA = dipy bzw. phen) wurden spektralphotometrisch durchgeführt.
    Notes: Kinetic studies in aqueous solution on the replacement of the aqua ligands in cis-[Cr(BigH)2(OH2)2]3+ (BigH = biguanide, C2H7N5) by 2,2′-dipyridyl (dipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) forming [Cr(BigH)2(AA)]3+ (AA = dipy or phen) have been made spectrophotometrically. In both the cases the reaction proceeds by a path purely first-order with respect to the ligand. From the values of the rate constant at four different temperatures, values of the activation parameters, ΔH≠ and ΔS≠, have been evaluated for each system. The results are consistent with a mechanism involving outer-sphere association of the reactants followed by transformation of the outer-sphere complex in a dissociative process.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19764240114
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monohydroxytrifluoroborates and double fluoroborates (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 379 (1970), S. 106-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird die Darstellung von Hydroxotrifluoroboraten von Rb, Cs, (CH3)4N+, Nitron, Ni2+, Ni(py)42+ und Co(NH3)63+ beschrieben. Darüber hinaus wurden neuartige 1 : 1-Doppelsalze aus Tetrafluoro- und Hydroxotrifluoroborat erhalten. Von einigen dieser Salze werden Röntgenpulver- und IR-Daten mitgeteilt.
    Notes: The preparation of monohydroxotrifluoroborates of rubidium, cesium, tetramethylammonium, nitron, nickel, tetrapyridine nickel and hexammine cobalt(III) is described. Besides, a new series of double salts, comprising one mole tetrafluoroborate and one mole of monohydroxotrifluoroborate of the same cation, are described. The X-ray and IR-spectra of some of these salts are reported.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703790118
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex Carbonates of Chromium(III) (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 404 (1974), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Komplex-Carbonate des Chrom(III)Durch Mischen von Cr(III)-Lösungen mit Lösungen von (NH4)2Co3 oder KHCO3 werden tieffarbige Lösungen und mit NaHCO3 ein Niederschlag erhalten. Das Spektrum von Cr(NO3)3 (violett) gelöst in 35proz. KHCO3-Lösung zeigt Absorptionsmaxima bei 430 und 580 nm, wogegen Cr(NO3)3 (violett) Absorptionsmaxima bei 410 und 575 nm hat. Die Lösung von Cr(III) in 20proz. KHCO3-Lösung wurde durch Ionenaustausch untersucht. Die Komplex-Carbonate des Chroms (Formeln siehe Abstract) wurden dargestellt und thermogravimetrisch untersucht sowie die IR-Spektren aufgenommen und Bandenzuordnungen vorgenommen.
    Notes: On adding chromium(III) solution to solutions of (NH4)2CO3 or KHCO3, deep coloured solutions are obtained, whereas, in the case of NaHCO3 a precipitate is obtained. The spectrum of chromium(III) nitrate (violet) dissolved in KHCO3 (35%) solution shows maximum absorbances at 430 and 580nm, whereas the spectrum for chromium(III) nitrate (violet) shows maximum absorbances at 410 and 575 nm. The chromium(III) solution dissolved KHCO3 (20%) is studied by ion exchange method. The complex carbonates of chromium (III), viz., (i) (NH4)2[Cr2(OH)4(CO3)2] · H2O, - (ii) K7[Cr4(OH)9(CO3)5] · 6 H2O, - (iii) Na3[Cr2(OH)5(CO3)2] · 4 H2O, - (iv) NH4[Co(NH3)6] [Cr3(OH)7(CO3)3] · 4 H2O, and (v) K6[Co(NH3)6]2[Cr2(OH)4(CO3)3]3 are isolated and studied by thermogravimetry. The infrared spectra of these compounds are recorded and probable band assignments made.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19744040107
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