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  • 1
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Solvents and GC detectors ; Coupled HPLC-GC ; Column effluent splitter ; Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Introduction of solutions of up to several milliliters by on-column injection of large volumes or by coupled HPLC-GC may cause problems with GC detectors (FID, AFID, MS). For instance, dichloromethane forms large amounts of hydrochloric acid and carbon black in FIDs.A column effluent splitter was developed for keeping the major portion of the solvent vapors away from the detector; approximately 99% of the vapor is vented while the remaining 1% of vapor is used for detecting the widths of the solvent peaks. During analysis, the split ratio is reversed by a strong increase of the resistance to the gas flow through the split exit line.The system was used for the determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) in triglyceride matrices of various foods. Direct determination by HPLC is not sufficiently sensitive, whereas direct analysis by GC is hindered by the triglycerides. Solutions of fats or oils were pre-separated on a silica column using dichloro-methanelcyclohexane 1:l with addition of 0.05 % acetonitrile as eluent. The HPLC fraction containing the DEHP was transferred to GC through a loop-type interface using concurrent solvent evaporation. Detection limits were around 0.1 ppm.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sulfonamides with Heterocyclic Substituents as Extractants for Copper(II)With 2-picolylbenzenesulfonamide (N2NHO2SC6H5) as a model of the technical extractant LIX 34, the influence of functional variations on the extraction of copper(II) is studied and estimated by a comparison of the pH1/2 values.The relation pH1/2∼-σp is observed for extractants with substituents in p-position of the benzene ring. Turning to 2-pyridylethylbenzenesulfonamide, which forms six-membered rings, an increase of pH1/2 is observed. But no direct comparison is possible with 2-pyridylbenzenesulfonamide as the copper(II) complexes are dimeric having a structure analogous to copper(II) acetate. The substitution of the methylene group by an SO2-(PSA—H) or an NH-residue (PTSH—H) is connected with an with an increase of pH1/2 in the first case, but a decrease of pH1/2 in the second one (7,25 and 2,70). The application of PTSH—H as an extractant for copper(II) is confined by a slow redox reaction with this ion.π-electron delocalization within the chelate rings, which are derived from sulfonylhydrazones of heterocyclic ketones, is a factor which, in general, improves the extraction properties.There is a strong differentiation of PH1/2 (APSH—H 1,4; BBSH—H 6,9). An increase of the tetrahedral distortion of the chromophore CuN4, as it is indicated by ESR, measurements, is connected with a decrease of pH1/2.The benzenesulfonyl group influences the copper(II) extraction by bidentate nitrogen containing ligands in a twofold may: The protonation of the pyridyl and also that of other heterocyclic residues is rendered more difficult, but NH-acidity is increased. Some of the new extractants (APSH—H, BPSH—H) are as active as LIX reagents.
    Notes: Am Beispiel von 2-Picolylbenzensulfonamid (N2NHO2SC6H5), einem Modell des technischen Extraktanten LIX 34, wird der Einfluß funktioneller Veränderungen auf das Extraktionsverhalten gegenüber Kupfer(II) untersucht und zur Beurteilung der pH1/2 herangezogen.Bei Einführung von p-Substituenten am Benzenring erweist sich pH1/2∼-σp. Der übergang zu 2-Pyridylethylbenzensulfonamid (N3NHO2SC6H5), einem Sechsringbildner, ist mit einer Erhöhung von pH1/2 verbunden. Dagegen ist kein unmittelbarer Vergleich mit dem potentiellen Vierringbildner 2-Pyridylbenzensulfonamid möglich, weil die gebildeten Kupfer(II)-Komplexe eine dem Kupfer(II)-acetat analoge dimere Struktur haben.Die Substitution der Methylengruppe von N2NHO2SC6H5 durch einen SO2—(PSA—H) oder NH-Rest (PTSH—H) führt im ersten Fall zu einer Erhöhung, im zweiten zu einer Erniedrigung von pH1/2 (7,25 bzw. 2,70). Gegen den Einsatz von PTSH—H als Extraktionsmittel spricht eine langsame Redoxreaktion mit Kupfer(II).Die π-Elektronendelokalisierung in den Chelatringen, die sich von Sulfonylhydrazonen heterocyclischer Ketone ableiten, ist ein Faktor, der das Extraktionsverhalten im allgemeinen verbessert. Man findet eine starke Abstufung von pH1/2 (APSH—H 1,4; BBSH—H 6,9); der Wert sinkt mit wachsender tetraedrischer Verzerrung der ZKE CuN4 (Bestimmung durch ESR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen).Die Benzensulfonylgruppierung beeinflußt die Kupfer(II)-Extraktion mit zweizähligen stickstoffhaltigen Liganden in zweierlei Weise: Die Protonierung von Pyridin- und anderen heterocyclischen Stickstoffatomen wird erschwert, die NH-Acidität erhöht. Einige der untersuchten Extraktanten (APSH—H, BPSH—H) sind in ihrer Wirksamkeit mit den LIX-Reagenzien zu vergleichen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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