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  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 17 (1994), S. 73-80 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Due to induced turbulent interactions between particles to be separated and the scrubbing liquid present as droplets, very good collection efficiency down to submicron particle size can be achieved as shown by detailed studies [1]. Assumed are suitable flow conditions, a long residence time and a certain droplet size distribution or a special liquid dispersion system. As the name implies, the cyclone scrubber basically consists of a cyclone. This cyclone serves as a contact space in which the interaction between dust particles and scrubbing liquid droplets takes place, and as a droplet separator. Thus, under normal conditions, a water saturated but dust- and droplet-free gas stream leaves the cyclone. The droplets are generated by a pneumatic atomization nozzle, arranged at the cyclone inlet in the direction of flow. A complete theoretical description of the three-dimensional, three-phase, non-steady turbulent flow in the cyclone scrubber has not been possible up to now. The detailed experimental investigations presented in this work, and covering multiple parameters, led to physically based conclusions about the dominant interactions and separation mechanisms involved. Grade efficiencies which did not fall below 0.75, down to a particle size of 0.5 μm, could be measured by an optical particle counter. Collection efficiency of 99.2% was determined by gravimetric analysis of the dust load, according to VDI-guideline 2066, in the raw and clean gas sections of the dust load, according to VDI-guideline 2066, in the raw and clean gas sections of the cyclone scrubber.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 2 (1985), S. 20-24 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to characterize flow separation and classification processes, particle size distributions must be measured in the airborne state without affecting the state of dispersion or disturbing the flow. Light scattering devices with an optically defined measuring volume are specially designed for this purpose. However the light scattering device must be calibrated using non-ideal particles which are present within the multiphase flow, preferably on an equivalent diameter based on settling rate. Such a calibration can be achieved by measuring with an optical particle counter before and after an impactor in droplet systems and a sampling cyclone in systems of solid particles. By measuring the calibration curves the size distribution of the investigated particles are also determined. This measuring technique allows the best use of the optical particle counter in industrially relevant cases which may have high particle concentrations, wide distributions, non-ideal particles and an undefined state of dispersion.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 144-149 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 304-308 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The calibration of an optical particle counter (OPC) by means of the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer APS (TSI, Model 3310) was investigated. The pulse-height distribution and the aerodynamic size distribution were measured by parallel use of an OPC and the APS. A calibration curve was obtained by comparison of the two different cumulative distribution curves. First calibration results are presented for spherical particles (water droplets and glycerine droplets): A comparison of these results with Mie calculations and aerodynamic calibrations by means of sampling cyclones shows good agreement. Furthermore, measurements were carried out with non-spherical particles. Quartz dust was used for these measurements. In order to calibrate the OPC by means of the APS, the behaviour of both devices was investigated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 87-93 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Investigations are presented on particle separation in impactors, sampling cyclones and other precollectors. These devices are increasingly used for the characterization of particulate matter. Size selective samplers must be characterized by their grade efficiency curves. A new measuring procedure is presented, which permits the determination of the grade efficiency curves of various sampling devices. An optical particle counter and a vibrating orifice generator are used in these measurements. This calibration technique is fast and has a high resolution. Investigations were carried out on the influence of various parameters on the classification efficiency of impactors and sampling cyclones. Using the extensive data measured a better understanding and quantification of impactor and cyclone behaviour is developed which may improve their applications in particle sampling.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 301-307 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For many years efforts have been made to describe the complex process of particle separation in cyclones, and a multitude of separation models have been set up. A comparison of such separation models fails because insufficient usable test results are available and systematic and precise investigations are missing.It is important for the design of cyclones to rate their separation properties by means of the fractional collection efficiency. On account of the known measuring problems, the data supply of reliable fractional efficiency curves of cyclones is still too small. Fractional efficiency as a function of the entrance velocity was measured with a high-speed optical measuring technique. Measurements of low dust concentrations are presented. Geometrically similar cyclones of four different sizes were investigated. The fractional efficiency curves are plotted versus dimensionless parameters and the validity of the design criteria gained in this way is shown. The influence of particle shape on the fractional efficiency curves is discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An Optical Particle Counter with optically defined measuring volume was investigated with regard to an application in the range of fine particles (f.i. water droplets less then 1.5 μm in diameter). Because of a problematic detection behaviour in the examined size range caused by the analogue signal processor, it was necessary to explore signals generated by the measurement system. In view of the results obtained an alternative signal evaluation method was developed on basis of a digital system. The high flexibility of software systems in signal processing rendered possible on the one hand a clear definition of the lower detection limit of the instrument. On the other hand it was possible to lower the detection limit and herewith the size of particles to be resolved. A practical application for the new evaluation technique is given by the measurement of fractional efficiency curves of technical separators and classifiers, which clearly shows the advantages of the system presented. Most recent investigations are concerned with the maximum number concentration detectable with the Optical Particle Counter, which could be increased up to five times.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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