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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (244)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (20)
  • Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer  (12)
  • 1955-1959  (276)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Untersuchungen über die Adsorption von Wasserstoff bei der Auflösung von EisenVorgetragen am 5. 6. 1958 auf dem II. Kongreß der Europäischen Föderation für Korrosion in Frankfurt/M. (1959)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New Investigations into Hydrogen Adsorption and Dissolved IronThe solution processes of iron in n HCl were investigated and a correlation was found between the quantity of hydrogen absorbed in the iron and the rate at which the metal dissolved. A dynamical saturation equilibrium was established in the interior of the metal. From this the significance of partial reactions can be derived and the action of inhibitors explained.
    Notes: Es wurden die Auflösungsvorgänge von Eisen in In-HCL untersucht und ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Menge des vom Eisen aufgenommenen Wasserstoffs und der Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit des Metalls gefunden. Es stellt sich dabei ein dynamisches Sättigungsgleichgewicht im Innern des Metalls ein. Daraus läßt sich die Bedeutung der Teil-Reaktionen ableiten und das Eingreifen von Inhibitoren erklären.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19590100206
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of water vapor by unsupported organic films (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Eight organic coating films were removed from their metal substrates by two very different methods and were examined by means of water vapor adsorption isotherms. The data obtained in this study reveal the rates of adsorption, the relative pressure required to form a monolayer, the number of active sites for water vapor adsorption, and the parameters in the classical BET isotherm equation. Removal of the films by electrolysis in an alkaline bath and by amalgamation of the tin plate produced films of considerably different structure. Since the electrolysis procedure subjects the film to mechanical and possibly chemical alterations, it is proposed that the increase in water vapor adsorption by the former type of films is the result of decreased crystallinity. Consequently, the films removed by amalgamation are considered to be more similar in total structure to the original films.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070020520
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New thermal antioxidants for polyethylene containing carbon black (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1 (1959), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Common secondary aromatic amine and alkylated phenolic antioxidants lose much of their activity in polyethylene containing carbon black. In contrast their thioether derivatives provide more protection against oxidation than the sum of the separate contributions of carbon black and the sulfur compounds. Organic disulfides and some thio-ethers without amino or phenolic hydrogen also safeguard polyethylene from oxidation but only in the presence of carbon black. Likewise thiols are excellent protectants in combination with carbon black but not in clear polymer. Aliphatic thiols, disulfides, and their polymeric derivatives and related selenium compounds exhibit similar activity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070010108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the dynamic properties of natural rubber and GR-SThe work discussed herein was performed as part of the research project sponsored by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Office of Synthetic Rugber, in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 18 (1955), S. 245-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic moduli and loss factors have been determined for high molecular samples of GR-S and natural rubber. Comparison of the two sets of data shows that the general characteristics of the two materials are quite similar. The main differences are that GR-S shows a higher temperature for the apparent second order transition, and also a higher value for the modulus in the relatively level portion of the highly elastic region. The usual superposition procedures are used for correlating the data. Several indications that the equivalence of frequency and temperature may not be of universal applicability are noted. It is suggested that the higher elastic plateau modulus of GR-S my, in conjunction with usual levels of vulcanization, lead to a modulus dispersiion with its attendant loss and thus be a contributing factor to the lower resilience and higher heat development characteristic of GR-S.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.120188808
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A viscosity study of polyelectrolytes in the presence of added salts (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 18 (1955), S. 479-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of various added simple electrolytes upon the solution viscosity of polymethacrylic acid and hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile was studied. The viscosity behavior of these polymers in water and in the presence of added NaCl was typical of that of polyelectrolytes. The addition of multivalent anions (sulfate, diacid phosphate, oxalate, and succinate) to solutions of polymethacrylic acid decreasesd the viscosity at low added salt concentrations, but a reversal in the reduced viscosity-concentration curve was obtained as the ionic strength was increased. This increase in viscosity can be partly explained on the basis of increased ionization originating from the behavior of the added multivalent anions. However, this is not the complete explanation since the relative efficiency of these anions in increasing the viscosity is not consistent with the values of the dissociation constants. A possible alternative explanation involves the formation of associated complexes of the polyions. It is further demonstrated that the limiting intrinsic viscosities at infinite ionic strength is dependent upon the initial polymer charge.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.120189004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus-containing polymers by a tiwo-phase condensation (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 35 (1959), S. 540-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203512924
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the Alfin polymerization of styrene and isoprene (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 39 (1959), S. 249-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The overall rate of polymerization of styrene and isoprene with the heterogeneous allylsodium-sodium isopropoxide-sodium chloride (Alfin PP) system as initiator is reaction-controlled and is first order with respect to monomer and proportional to the amount of initiator present. The intrinsic viscosity of the product is independent of the monomer and initiator concentrations. The rate of styrene polymerization is independent of alkoxide concentration over a certain range, while the intrinsic viscosity increases with increasing alkoxide concentration. The activation energy of the overall rate is about 12 kcal./mole for styrene and 10 kcal./mole for isoprene. The simplest explanation of the kinetic results assumes initiation and termination steps involving the monomer. The distribution of molecular weights in Alfin polystyrene appears very broad. The kinetic features of this reaction bear a strong resemblance to those of the formation of isotactic polymers from the alkyl aluminum-titanium chloride system (Ziegler catalyst.)
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203913520
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoregulated polymerization in the free propagating species. II. Effect of monomer structure on the polymerization of vinyl estersPresented at the 133rd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry, San Francisco, April 1958. (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 39 (1959), S. 335-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The first paper of the series contained the theoretical prediction that syndiotactic propagation could be favored over isotactic propagation in free radical polymerization by the nature of the monomer substituent group. To check this hypothesis the steric structure of polymers of vinyl acetate and certain haloacetates was investigated. X-ray examination of the polyvinyl esters and the solubility of derived alcohol polymers indicate that the degree of regularity increases in the order: acetate 〈 monochloroacetate 〈 polychloroacetates 〈 trifluoroacetate. The influence of the substituent group is limited in the polyvinyl esters because only the trifluoroacetate shows true crystallinity, and, even in this polymer, the average length of the regular sequences appears to be small. The above order of regularity suggests that the electrostatic factor is more important than the steric factor in the stereoregulated polymerization of vinyl esters. The regular sequences of the trifluoroacetate are indicated to have a syndiotactic configuration from the chain repeat distance. The polymerization of the ester is believed to involve predominantly syndiotactic propagation, with relatively frequent interruptions of isotactic propagation. The generalizations agree with results reported for other stereoregular radical polymerizations. Conceivably, syndiotactic propagation may be preferred for free radical polymerization in general, and polymers produced under radical conditions may be more regular than has been realized.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203913526
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoregulated polymerization in the free propagating species. III. Effect of temperature on the polymerization of vinyl chloridePresented at the 135th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Boston, April 1959. (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 41 (1959), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Theoretical treatment had shown that syndiotactic propagation should be slightly favored energetically over isotactic propagation in free radical vinyl chloride polymerization. This prediction has been confirmed experimentally by x-ray and infrared investigations of vinyl chloride polymers prepared at various temperatures. The initiator was a peroxide, azodiisobutyronitrile, or tri-n-butylboron, and had no detectable influence on the x-ray and infrared results. As the polymerization temperature is lowered, the number of lines or arcs in the x-ray diffraction pattern and their sharpness gradually increase as a result of the increased crystallinity arising from improved regularity. The regular sequences are indicated to have the syndiotactic configuration from the chain repeat distance. The change in the infrared absorbance ratio of two carbon-chlorine stretching bands with polymerization temperature can be interpreted in agreement with increasing syndiotacticity at decreasing temperature. With the use of simplifying assumptions, the activation energy difference between isotactic and syndiotactic propagation is estimated to be of the order of one-half kcal/mole. The stereoregulated free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride is thus qualitatively similar to that disclosed for other monomers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1204113806
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Le comportement diélectrique des polymères en solutions diluées (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 23 (1957), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dielectric properties and loss factors have been measured for dilute solutions of polyvinyl chloride in tetrahydrofuran and mixtures of this solvent with heptane, for solutions of polymethyl methacrylate in benzene and toluene, and for solutions of polyvinyl acetate in toluene. Concentrations varied from 0.5 to 8 g./100 ml. Frequencies ranged from 0.01 to 35 megacycles/sec., and temperatures from -35° to +25°C.Only one sample of polyvinyl chloride was used (DP = 1,750), but six fractions of methyl polymethacrylate (DP = 240 - 12,500) and four of polyvinyl acetate (DP = 2,550-23,250). Numerical values for the three polymers were rather similar. The root mean square dipole moments were proportional to the square root of DP. Relaxation times were practically independent of DP.
    Notes: Les propriétés diélectriques et les facteurs de perte ont été mesurés pour des solutions diluées de chlorure de polyvinyle dans le tétrahydrofurane et des mélanges de ce solvant avec l'heptane, pour des solutions de polyméthacrylate de méthyle dans le benzène et le toluène, et pour des solutions d'acétate de polyvinyle dans le toluène. Les concentrations variaient de 0.5 à 8 g./100 ml. Les fréquences allaient de 0.01 à 35 mégacycles/sec. et les température de -35° à +25°C. Un seul échantillon de chlorure de polyvinyle a été utilisé (DP = 1750); par contre quatre fractions de polyméthacrylate de méthyle (DP = 240-12.500) et quatre d'acétate de polyvinyle (DP = 2.550-23.250) ont été utilisées. Les valeurs numériques des trois polymères étaient plutǒt similaires. Les moments dipolaires moyens étaient proportionnels à la carrée du DP. Les temps de rélaxation étaient pratiquement indépendants du DP.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1957.1202310322
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