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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-09-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The 'Earthquake Network’ (EQN) is an app which detects earthquakes by creating an ad-hoc network of smartphones' accelerometer sensors and provides early warnings for earthquakes via the same smartphone app. Detections are not due to individual smartphone measurements but due to near-simultaneous trigger signals from clusters of smartphones running the app. Therefore detections are normally located in the closest populated regions to an earthquake's epicentre. These datasets compare sets of detections with the earthquake parameters published by seismic institutes in order to analyse the performance of the EQN network. One dataset contains 550 detections made by EQN between 2017-12-15 and 2020-01-31 in Chile, USA and Italy. Wherever possible, each detection was associated with an earthquake from the parameter catalogue of each country's seismic institute (CSN for Chile, USGS for USA and INGV for Italy). Associations were carried out automatically but also checked manually. The other dataset contains 134 detections from around the world that could be associated to earthquakes with magnitude ≥ M5 or magnitude ≥ M4.5 in Italy and the USA. There are 68 detections that are common to the first dataset. All detections were associated to parameters from the the USGS earthquake parameter catalogue for consistency.
    Description: Methods
    Description: Earthquake parameters were retrieved from the seismic institutes via the FDSN protocol. The two datasets are encoded in csv files using ',' delimiters and with headers on the first row. Additional material is included to explain the contents of each column.
    Description: TableOfContents
    Description: 2021_xxxx_steed-et-al_D1_usa_chl_ita.csv 2021_xxxx_steed-et-al_D2_mag_gt_4.5.csv
    Keywords: Earthquake Network ; earthquakes ; strong motion ; seismic waves ; smartphone ; citizen science ; seismic surface waves ; accelerometry ; ground motion ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE 〉 SEISMIC SURFACE WAVES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity 〉 earthquake ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 FDSN ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 IRIS-GSN ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; monitoring 〉 seismic monitoring ; safety 〉 safety system 〉 warning system 〉 early warning system
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-09-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The 'Earthquake Network’ (EQN) is an app which detects earthquakes by creating an ad-hoc network of smartphone's accelerometer sensors and provides early warnings of earthquakes via the same smartphone app. The EMSC (Euro-Mediterranean Seismological Centre) and the University of Bergamo conducted an online survey, following an earthquake of magnitude M8 on 2019-05-26 07:41:13.6 UTC in Northern Peru with epicentre (5.81S, 75.27W). This survey targeted EQN users in the felt area of the earthquakes and was conducted from 2019-07-23 to 2019-08-18. It aimed at assessing users’ understanding and reaction to the EQN early warning for this specific earthquake. The questionnaire was written in Spanish since it is the most commonly spoken language in the studied area. Individuals who use the app in Spanish were invited to complete the survey via an advertisement on the Earthquake Network app. A PDF containing the questionnaire and the relationship between the questions is included in this archive. 3805 respondents took the survey, including 2 719 that were actually in the area at the time. The analysis Results derived from this dataset will be included as part of a submitted Science article (Bossu et al. '“Shaking in 5 seconds!” A Voluntary Smartphone-based Earthquake Early Warning System', 2021) to show that respondents received notifications from the Earthquake Network App before feeling the shaking but also that many did not immediately “drop, hold and cover' and were too intent on warning those close to them of the impending danger. All respondents consented that their data could be used for research purposes. The EMSC and University of Bergamo made sure not to collect or diffuse personal data. The dataset is a zip-file that contains the questionnaire responses as a comma-separated text file (csv) and a pdf containing a representation of the questionnaire that was presented to respondents.
    Keywords: earthquake early warning ; seismology ; social ; risk communication ; survey ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity 〉 earthquake ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 risk communication ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 risk perception ; safety 〉 risk assessment 〉 risk reduction ; safety 〉 safety system 〉 warning system 〉 early warning system ; science 〉 human science 〉 social science 〉 sociology
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-09-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The 'Earthquake Network’ (EQN) is an app which detects earthquakes by creating an ad-hoc network of smartphones' accelerometer sensors and provides early warnings for earthquakes via the same smartphone app. Detections are not due to individual smartphone measurements but due to near-simultaneous trigger signals from clusters of smartphones running the app. Therefore detections are normally located in the closest populated regions to an earthquake's epicentre. In order to investigate the mechanisms of EQN's earthquake detection system, we searched for seismic accelerometer stations with publically available data that were close to the EQN detection locations (rather than close to the epicentre). This confirmed that EQN's detections followed strong shaking motions but that detections could follow both P-phase or S-phase rather than consistantly being sensitive to only one particular phase. It also showed that detections generally occurred between 0 - 5 seconds after the peak ground acceleration measured by the seismic station. Analysis was conducted on 550 detections made by the EQN system between 2017-12-15 and 2020-01-31 in Chile, Italy and the USA. Strong motion accelerometer data was collected from seismic stations via the FDSN protocol. The data was calibrated, detrended and a small time shift was applied to correct for differences in distances from the epicentre between the EQN detection and the strong motion seismic station. Calibrated waveform data was obtained for 410 EQN detections. Plots were made for each event and an analysis was carried out on the dataset to compare EQN detection times with the peak ground acceleration measured by the nearest seismic station. The dataset consists of a zip-file containing a table of results and some summary graphs derived from it as well as a set of 410 graphs of strong motion files that are presented as image files (png-files). The graphs show the waveform data for a seismic station within 20 km of each EQN detection.
    Description: Methods
    Description: Ground motion data was retrieved from seismic networks via the FDSN protocol via the IRIS and ORFEUS institutes. This data was calibrated using station inventory files also downloaded via FDSN and filtered between 0.5 - 12 Hz. A small time shift was applied to correct for differences in distances from the epicentre between the EQN detection and the strong motion seismic station. This time shift assumed a seismc phase velocity of 8.04km/s.
    Keywords: Earthquake Network ; earthquakes ; strong motion ; seismic waves ; smartphone ; citizen science ; seismic surface waves ; accelerometry ; ground motion ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE 〉 SEISMIC SURFACE WAVES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity 〉 earthquake ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 FDSN ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 IRIS-GSN ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; monitoring 〉 seismic monitoring ; safety 〉 safety system 〉 warning system 〉 early warning system
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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