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  • Immunocytochemistry  (6)
  • gastrointestinal transit  (5)
  • Springer  (11)
  • Springer Nature
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  • Springer  (11)
  • Springer Nature
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): gastrointestinal transit ; pellet density ; floating formulations, gastric emptying
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The gastric emptying of pellets and single units of different densities has been followed in healthy subjects using the technique of gamma scintigraphy. The gastric emptying of the light pellets was affected by their buoyancy in the upper part of the stomach. However, the mean gastric emptying rates of pellets and single units were not significantly affected by density. Floating or buoyant delivery systems may have little advantage over conventional systems. The presence of food in the stomach was found to be the major factor in determining the gastric emptying of single units.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): ileal brake ; oleic acid ; tablets ; gastrointestinal transit ; scintigraphy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. A human volunteer study was carried out to investigate whether activation of the ileal brake mechanism affects the transit of tablets through the small intestine. Methods. Oleic acid, which has previously been shown to activate the brake, was delivered to the small intestine in a modified release capsule at doses of 300 mg, 600 mg and 1200 mg. The effect of the oleic acid was determined by measuring the transit of two sets of radiolabelled tablets by gamma scintigraphy. One set of tablets was dosed with the capsule and the other one hour later. Results. The results show that in the majority of the volunteers small intestinal residence time was greater with the oleic acid than control. The effect was most pronounced in the tablets given concomitantly with the capsule and with the higher doses of oleic acid. Conclusions. The ileal brake, activated by oleic acid, can slow the transit of tablets through the small intestine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 8 (1991), S. 360-364 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): gamma scintigraphy ; variability ; gastrointestinal transit ; pharmaceutical dosage forms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The variability in the gastrointestinal transit of a multiple-unit and single-unit dosage form was investigated following a light breakfast in six, healthy, male volunteers after repeated weekly administration. The dosage forms were labeled with gamma-emitting radionuclides and the transit of the formulations was monitored on 4 separate study days using the technique of dual-isotope gamma scintigraphy. Gastric emptying times and small intestinal transit times were calculated and compared statistically within and between subjects using the standard deviation and coefficient of variance. The variability in gastric emptying of single- and multiple-unit systems was large; the intrasubject variation being less than the intersubject. There was less variation in small intestinal transit times for the single- and multiple-unit formulations than in gastric emptying, intrasubject variation again being less than intersubject variation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): bioavailability ; scintigraphy ; gastrointestinal transit ; controlled release ; phenylpropanolamine ; hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Two controlled-release hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrix formulations, a single-unit and a multiple-unit system, have been evaluated in human volunteers. Both formulations contained the sympathomimetic drug phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride and each was radiolabeled with 111Inbound Amberlite IR 120 ion-exchange resin. The formulations were administered to each of six healthy male volunteers and gastrointestinal (GI) transit was monitored using a gamma camera. Serum samples were taken at set time intervals and assayed for phenylpropanolamine content, thus allowing blood drug levels to be correlated with the position of the dosage form in the GI tract. The multiple-unit system emptied from the stomach gradually over a period of about 180 min, when administered after a light breakfast, whereas the single-unit dosage forms had extremely variable gastric emptying times (range, 60 to 〉570 min). However, both formulations provided prolonged phenylpropanolamine blood levels. The differences in the blood profiles obtained with the two formulations were attributed to variations in their in vitro release rates and not to any differences in their GI transit times.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): naproxen ; enteric-coated tablets ; samarium-153 ; neutron activation ; gastrointestinal transit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Seven healthy, male volunteers were entered into a randomized, open crossover study of the gastrointestinal transit of two enteric-coated 500-mg naproxen tablets. Two radiolabeled tablets were given to each volunteer on two occasions separated by 7 days, once in the fasted state and once after breakfast. Radiolabeling of tablets was achieved by the incorporation of samarium-152 oxide during manufacture, followed by neutron activation of the tablet to produce the gamma-emitting isotope samarium-153. No loss of tablet integrity was seen in the stomach and all tablets disintegrated in the small intestine. Onset of tablet disintegration was controlled predominantly by gastric emptying. Time in the small intestine prior to tablet disintegration was independent of food intake. Naproxen blood levels with time were consistent with the delayed release of naproxen from the tablets. Overall, transit, disintegration, and absorption were as expected from an enteric-coated tablet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 431-434 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Actin ; Cytoskeleton ; Immunocytochemistry ; Photoreceptor cells ; Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The Drosophila ninaC mutation produces small rhabdomeres with the axial filament of the microvillar cytoskeleton reduced or missing. Using post-embedding immunogold labelling of LR White-embedded eyes, we show that several alleles of this mutation retain positive anti-actin immunoreactivity in the rhabdomeres, comparable to that of wild-type flies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuropeptides ; Diuresis, insects ; Neurosecretory cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Manduca sexta (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Because leucokinins stimulate diuresis in some insects, we wished to identify the neurosecretory cells in Manduca sexta that might be a source of leucokinin-like neurohormones. Immunostaining was done at various stages of development, using an antiserum to leucokinin IV. Bilateral pairs of neurosecretory cells in abdominal ganglia 3–7 of larvae and adults are immunoreactive; these cells project via the ipsilateral ventral nerves to the neurohemal transverse nerves. The immunoreactivity and size of these lateral cells greatly increases in the pharate adult, and this change appears to be related to a period of intensive diuresis occurring a few days before adult eclosion. Relationships of these neurons to cells that are immunoreactive to a M. sexta diuretic hormone were also investigated. Diuretic hormone and leucokinin immunoreactivity are co-localized in the lateral neurosecretory cells and their neurohemal projections. A median pair of leucokinin-immunoreactive, and a lateral pair of diuretic hormone-immunoreactive neurons in the larval terminal abdominal ganglion project to neurohemal release sites within the cryptonephridium. The immunoreactivity of these cells is lost as the cryptonephridium is eliminated during metamorphosis. This loss appears to be related to the change from the larval to adult pattern of diuresis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 593-600 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Visceral nerves ; Neurohemal system ; Periplaneta americana
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary By use of the indirect immunofluorescent technique applied to whole mounts of tissues and organs of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, serotonin-like reactivity has been demonstrated in an extensive meshwork of fibers on the surface of nerves of the subesophageal ganglion and the tritocerebrum. This meshwork appears to serve the neurohemal release of serotonin. In addition, several of these nerves contain two or more centrally located axons that appear to be serotonergic. The corpora cardica show immunoreactivity but do not appear to be a principal release site for serotonin. The nerves and ganglia of the stomadeal nervous system show immunoreactivity for serotonin and provide serotonin-positive innervation to the salivary glands and the visceral muscles of the stomodeum and midgut. The heart, hindgut, Malpighian tubules, fat body, and skeletal muscles all appear to lack serotonin immunoreactivity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunocytochemistry ; Photoreceptor cells ; Rhodopsin ; Membrane recycling ; Cherax destructor (Crustacea)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Examination of the ultrastructure of retinula cells of the Australian crayfish Cherax destructor at different times over a 24-hour cycle, together with patterns of anti-rhodopsin antigenicity, has lead to the formulation of a model of photoreceptor membrane turnover in these animals. Its main features are: (a) the existence of two bursts of rhabdomeral membrane breakdown; one, light-sensitive and synchronous, occurring at dawn, the other, constituting the first part of the membrane replacement phase itself, occurring during the afternoon and night, (b) the desynchronisation of the replacement phase of turnover between animals and to a lesser extent between cells of the same retina, (c) confinement of ultrastructurally detectable signs of photoreceptor membrane processing to the retinula cells themselves, and (d) replacement of a substantial part if not all of the rhabdomeral membrane daily. This model is compatible with many of the observations reported on the American crayfish Procambarus, and utilises the same basic mechanisms that are believed to operate in photoreceptor membrane turnover in many other arthropod compound eyes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Neuropeptides ; Diuresis ; insects ; Neurosecretory cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Manduca sexta (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Because leucokinins stimulate diuresis in some insects, we wished to identify the neurosecretory cells in Manduca sexta that might be a source of leucokinin-like neurohormones. Immunostaining was done at various stages of development, using an antiserum to leucokinin IV. Bilateral pairs of neurosecretory cells in abdominal ganglia 3–7 of larvae and adults are immunoreactive; these cells project via the ipsilateral ventral nerves to the neurohemal transverse nerves. The immunoreactivity and size of these lateral cells greatly increases in the pharate adult, and this change appears to be related to a period of intensive diuresis occurring a few days before adult eclosion. Relationships of these neurons to cells that are immunoreactive to a M. sexta diuretic hormone were also investigated. Diuretic hormone and leucokinin immunoreactivity are co-localized in the lateral neurosecretory cells and their neurohemal projections. A median pair of leucokinin-immunoreactive, and a lateral pair of diuretic hormone-immunoreactive neurons in the larval terminal abdominal ganglion project to neurohemal release sites within the cryptonephridium. The immunoreactivity of these cells is lost as the cryptonephridium is eliminated during metamorphosis. This loss appears to be related to the change from the larval to adult pattern of diuresis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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