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  • 1
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    Radar sounding of the Medusae Fossae Formation Mars: equatorial ice or dry, low-density deposits? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: The equatorial Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is enigmatic and perhaps among the youngest geologic deposits on Mars. They are thought to be composed of volcanic ash, eolian sediments, or an ice-rich material analogous to polar layered deposits. The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) instrument aboard the Mars Express Spacecraft has detected nadir echoes offset in time-delay from the surface return in orbits over MFF material. These echoes are interpreted to be from the subsurface interface between the MFF material and the underlying terrain. The delay time between the MFF surface and subsurface echoes is consistent with massive deposits emplaced on generally planar lowlands materials with a real dielectric constant of approximately 2.9 +/- 0.4. The real dielectric constant and the estimated dielectric losses are consistent with a substantial component of water ice. However, an anomalously low-density, ice-poor material cannot be ruled out. If ice-rich, the MFF must have a higher percentage of dust and sand than polar layered deposits. The volume of water in an ice-rich MFF deposit would be comparable to that of the south polar layered deposits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watters, Thomas R -- Campbell, Bruce -- Carter, Lynn -- Leuschen, Carl J -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Picardi, Giovanni -- Orosei, Roberto -- Safaeinili, Ali -- Clifford, Stephen M -- Farrell, William M -- Ivanov, Anton B -- Phillips, Roger J -- Stofan, Ellen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1125-8. Epub 2007 Nov 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. watterst@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geologic Sediments ; Ice ; *Mars ; Radar
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Density of Mars' south polar layered deposits (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Both poles of Mars are hidden beneath caps of layered ice. We calculated the density of the south polar layered deposits by combining the gravity field obtained from initial results of radio tracking of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter with existing surface topography from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and basal topography from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding on the Mars Express spacecraft. The results indicate a best-fit density of 1220 kilograms per cubic meter, which is consistent with water ice that has approximately 15% admixed dust. The results demonstrate that the deposits are probably composed of relatively clean water ice and also refine the martian surface-water inventory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuber, Maria T -- Phillips, Roger J -- Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C -- Asmar, Sami W -- Konopliv, Alexander S -- Lemoine, Frank G -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Smith, David E -- Smrekar, Suzanne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1718-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA. zuber@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Accumulation and erosion of Mars' south polar layered deposits (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Mars' polar regions are covered with ice-rich layered deposits that potentially contain a record of climate variations. The sounding radar SHARAD on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapped detailed subsurface stratigraphy in the Promethei Lingula region of the south polar plateau, Planum Australe. Radar reflections interpreted as layers are correlated across adjacent orbits and are continuous for up to 150 kilometers along spacecraft orbital tracks. The reflectors are often separated into discrete reflector sequences, and strong echoes are seen as deep as 1 kilometer. In some cases, the sequences are dipping with respect to each other, suggesting an interdepositional period of erosion. In Australe Sulci, layers are exhumed, indicating recent erosion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seu, Roberto -- Phillips, Roger J -- Alberti, Giovanni -- Biccari, Daniela -- Bonaventura, Francesco -- Bortone, Marco -- Calabrese, Diego -- Campbell, Bruce A -- Cartacci, Marco -- Carter, Lynn M -- Catallo, Claudio -- Croce, Anna -- Croci, Renato -- Cutigni, Marco -- Di Placido, Antonio -- Dinardo, Salvatore -- Federico, Costanzo -- Flamini, Enrico -- Fois, Franco -- Frigeri, Alessandro -- Fuga, Oreste -- Giacomoni, Emanuele -- Gim, Yonggyu -- Guelfi, Mauro -- Holt, John W -- Kofman, Wlodek -- Leuschen, Carlton J -- Marinangeli, Lucia -- Marras, Paolo -- Masdea, Arturo -- Mattei, Stefania -- Mecozzi, Riccardo -- Milkovich, Sarah M -- Morlupi, Antonio -- Mouginot, Jeremie -- Orosei, Roberto -- Papa, Claudio -- Paterno, Tobia -- Persi del Marmo, Paolo -- Pettinelli, Elena -- Pica, Giulia -- Picardi, Giovanni -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Provenziani, Marco -- Putzig, Nathaniel E -- Russo, Federica -- Safaeinili, Ali -- Salzillo, Giuseppe -- Santovito, Maria Rosaria -- Smrekar, Suzanne E -- Tattarletti, Barbara -- Vicari, Danilo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1715-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento INFOCOM, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza," I-00184 Rome, Italy. roberto.seu@uniroma1.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Radar sounding evidence for buried glaciers in the southern mid-latitudes of Mars (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-22
    Description: Lobate features abutting massifs and escarpments in the middle latitudes of Mars have been recognized in images for decades, but their true nature has been controversial, with hypotheses of origin such as ice-lubricated debris flows or glaciers covered by a layer of surface debris. These models imply an ice content ranging from minor and interstitial to massive and relatively pure. Soundings of these deposits in the eastern Hellas region by the Shallow Radar on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal radar properties entirely consistent with massive water ice, supporting the debris-covered glacier hypothesis. The results imply that these glaciers formed in a previous climate conducive to glaciation at middle latitudes. Such features may collectively represent the most extensive nonpolar ice yet recognized on Mars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holt, John W -- Safaeinili, Ali -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Head, James W -- Phillips, Roger J -- Seu, Roberto -- Kempf, Scott D -- Choudhary, Prateek -- Young, Duncan A -- Putzig, Nathaniel E -- Biccari, Daniela -- Gim, Yonggyu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1235-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1164246.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78758, USA. jack@ig.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars ; Radar
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Massive CO(2) ice deposits sequestered in the south polar layered deposits of Mars (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: Shallow Radar soundings from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal a buried deposit of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) ice within the south polar layered deposits of Mars with a volume of 9500 to 12,500 cubic kilometers, about 30 times that previously estimated for the south pole residual cap. The deposit occurs within a stratigraphic unit that is uniquely marked by collapse features and other evidence of interior CO(2) volatile release. If released into the atmosphere at times of high obliquity, the CO(2) reservoir would increase the atmospheric mass by up to 80%, leading to more frequent and intense dust storms and to more regions where liquid water could persist without boiling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Roger J -- Davis, Brian J -- Tanaka, Kenneth L -- Byrne, Shane -- Mellon, Michael T -- Putzig, Nathaniel E -- Haberle, Robert M -- Kahre, Melinda A -- Campbell, Bruce A -- Carter, Lynn M -- Smith, Isaac B -- Holt, John W -- Smrekar, Suzanne E -- Nunes, Daniel C -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Egan, Anthony F -- Titus, Timothy N -- Seu, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 13;332(6031):838-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1203091. Epub 2011 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Planetary Science Directorate, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. roger@boulder.swri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cold Temperature ; *Dry Ice ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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