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  • 1
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    Examination of returned Surveyor 3 camera visor for alpha radioactivity (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The TV camera visor was placed in a vacuum chamber and examined for alpha radioactivity using an alpha-scattering instrument, and plates covered with the same paint and made at the same time as the visor were used as a control. The spectra of visor and plates are very similar, and it is concluded that the gross activity on the visor is due entirely to the activity of the paint. The data were used to obtain the amount of Po-210 activity on the lunar surface. It is felt that the lack of detected alpha radioactivity does not indicate a lack of activity on the moon, since dust layers were knocked off the visor.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 177-180
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Performance of room temperature mercuric iodide /HgI2/ detectors in the ultralow-energy X-ray region (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Experiments have been done to study the performance of mercuric iodide (HgI2) detectors in the ultralow-energy X-ray region. Energy resolution values of 245 eV (FWHM) for the Mg K-alpha X-ray line at 1.25 keV and 225 eV (FWHM) for the electronic noise linewidth have been obtained for an HgI2 detector with painted carbon contacts using a pulsed-light feedback preamplifier; the whole system was operated at room temperature. The resolution values in the ultralow-energy region are still limited by electronic noise of the system. In an attempt to minimize X-ray attenuation in the front contact, detectors were prepared with thin evaporated Pd contacts. These detectors show a pronounced low-energy tailing of the photopeak below a few keV, in contrast to the spectra obtained by detectors with carbon contact. An attempt has been made to explain the tailing effect starting with models wich have been proposed to describe similar effects in Ge detectors.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The APX Spectrometer for Martian Missions (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Obtaining the chemical composition of any planetary body should be a prime science objective of each planetary mission. The APX spectrometer has been designed to provide a detailed and complete chemical composition of all major (except H) and minor elements with high accuracy, in situ and remotely. From such complete analyses a first-order mineralogy of analyzed samples can be deduced. Laboratory studies in the past have shown that rock types (e.g., dunites, basalts, Philippinate 300 sample) were a uniquely in blind test analyses. Such identification is more accurate than can be obtained from any other remote spectroscopic technique. The APX technique is based on three modes of nuclear and atomic interactions of alpha particles with matter resulting in three different energy spectra containing the compositional information. The instrument uses 50 to 100 mCi of Cm-242 or Cm-244 transuranium radioisotopes to provide a monoenergetic beam of alpha particles (6.01 MeV and 5.80 MeV respectively) and solid-state detectors for acquiring the energy spectra.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Advanced Technologies for Planetary Instruments, Part 1; p 6-7
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    An alpha particle instrument with alpha, proton, and X-ray modes for planetary chemical analyses (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The interaction of alpha particles with matter is employed in a compact instrument that could provide rather complete in-situ chemical analyses of surfaces and thin atmospheres of extraterrestrial bodies. The instrument is a miniaturized and improved version of the Surveyor lunar instrument. The backscattering of alpha particles and (alpha, p) reactions provide analytical data on the light elements (carbon-iron). An X-ray mode that detects the photons produced by the alpha sources provides sensitivity and resolution for the chemical elements heavier than about silicon. The X-rays are detected by semiconductor detectors having a resolution between 150 and 250 eV at 5.9 keV. Such an instrument can identify and determine with good accuracy 99 percent of the atoms (except hydrogen) in rocks. For many trace elements, the detecting sensitivity is a few ppm. Auxiliary sources could be used to enhance the sensitivities for elements of special interest. The instrument could probably withstand the acceleration involved in semi-hard landings.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods (ISSN 0167-5087); 134; 1976
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  • 5
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    Room-temperature mercuric iodide spectrometry for low-energy X-rays (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A discussion of the limits of energy resolution in different energy ranges is given. The energy resolution of a spectrometer is analyzed in terms of the parameters characterizing the crystal, the detector, and the amplification electronics. A high-resolution room-temperature HgI2 spectrometry system was used to measure low-energy X-ray fluorescence spectra. For the MgK-alpha X-ray line the measured resolution was 245 eV (fwhm); the electronic noise linewidth of the system was 225 eV. Alpha-particles were used to excite X-ray fluorescence from low-Z elements separately or in combination. The shape of the photopeaks in the spectra is discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods (ISSN 0167-5087); 193; 1982
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  • 6
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    Development of an alpha scattering instrument for heavy element detection in surface materials (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development and characteristics of a portable instrument for detecting and measuring the amounts of lead in painted surfaces are discussed. The instrument is based on the ones used with the alpha scattering experiment on the Surveyor lunar missions. The principles underlying the instrument are described. It is stated that the performance tests of the instrument were satisfactory.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-141009
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  • 7
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    Heavy elements in surface materials - Determination by alpha particle scattering. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Science; 181; July 13
    Format: text
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