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  • Other Sources  (233)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (233)
  • 1990-1994  (233)
  • 1
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    The in-flight calibration of the Hubble Space Telescope fine guidance sensors, 2 (a success story) (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Hubble Space Telescope's fine guidance sensors (FGS's) are unique in the performance levels being attempted; spacecraft control and astrometric research with accuracies better than 3 milli-arcseconds (mas) are the ultimate goals. This paper presents a review of the in-flight calibration of the sensors, describing both the algorithms used and the results achieved to date. The work was done primarily in support of engineering operations related to spacecraft pointing and control and secondarily in support of the astrometric science calibration effort led by the Space Telescope Astrometry Team. Calibration items of principal interest are distortion, sensor magnification, and relative alignment. An initial in-flight calibration of the FGS's was performed in December 1990; this calibration has been used operationally over the past few years. Followup work demonstrated that significant, unexpected temporal variations in the calibration parameters are occurring; provided good characterization of the variation; and set the stage for a distortion calibration designed to achieve the full design accuracy for one of the FGS's. This full distortion calibration, using data acquired in January 1993, resulted in a solution having single-axis residuals with a standard deviation of 2.5 mas. Scale and alignment calibration results for all of the FGS's have been achieved commensurate with the best ground-based astrometric catalogs (root-mean-square error approximately 25 mas). A calibration monitoring program has been established to allow regular updates of the calibration parameters as needed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Flight Mechanics(Estimation Theory Symposium, 1994; p 111-122
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  • 2
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    Fourier transform spectrometry for fiber-optic sensor systems (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An integrated-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used as a Fourier transform spectrometer to analyze the input and output spectra of a temperature-sensing thin-film etalon. This type of spectrometer has an advantage over conventional grating spectrometers because it is better suited for use with time-division-multiplexed sensor networks. In addition, this spectrometer has the potential for low cost due to its use of a component that could be manufactured in large quantities for the optical communications industry.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: Integrated optics and microstructures; Proceedings of the Meeting, Boston, MA, Sept. 8, 9, 1992 (A93-49456 21-35); p. 127-136.
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  • 3
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    High-resolution imaging gamma-ray spectroscopy with externally segmented germanium detectors (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Externally segmented germanium detectors promise a breakthrough in gamma-ray imaging capabilities while retaining the superb energy resolution of germanium spectrometers. An angular resolution of 0.2 deg becomes practical by combining position-sensitive germanium detectors having a segment thickness of a few millimeters with a one-dimensional coded aperture located about a meter from the detectors. Correspondingly higher angular resolutions are possible with larger separations between the detectors and the coded aperture. Two-dimensional images can be obtained by rotating the instrument. Although the basic concept is similar to optical or X-ray coded-aperture imaging techniques, several complicating effects arise because of the penetrating nature of gamma rays. The complications include partial transmission through the coded aperture elements, Compton scattering in the germanium detectors, and high background count rates. Extensive electron-photon Monte Carlo modeling of a realistic detector/coded-aperture/collimator system has been performed. Results show that these complicating effects can be characterized and accounted for with no significant loss in instrument sensitivity.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments (ISSN 0034-6748); 64; 1; p. 143-153.
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  • 4
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    A computer-controlled x-y offset guiding stage for the MLRS (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The MLRS has experienced excellent success in its lunar and artificial satellite laser ranging operations during its many years of operation, in spite of its relatively small 'receive' aperture. We continue to strive, however, for a greater volume of data, together with better accuracy and precision. We have just now completed the design, construction, and implementation of a computer controlled x-y offset guiding stage for the MLRS, analogous to the manual one that had been a part of the original 2.7-m lunar laser ranging system on Mt. Locke at McDonald Observatory. In the past, we had been hampered by the lack of a satisfactory hardware design which could fit within the very cramped quarters of the MLRS telescope's tail piece. Recently, with funding support from the U.S. Naval Observatory and the design and construction expertise of DFM Engineering, Inc., a satisfactory instrument has been specified, designed, built, and installed. This instrument will greatly expand MLRS observational opportunities by allowing the observing crews to actively guide on visible off axis lunar surface features or background stars while the on-axis lunar surface retroreflector targets are in the dark. This paper describes this instrument and its present implementation at the MLRS.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Eighth International Workshop on Laser Ranging Instrumentation; 5 p
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  • 5
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    High-resolution processing of long-pulse-lidar data (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the performance of the Fourier-deconvolution technique developed to improve the resolution of the long-pulse coherent lidar power profile, and to take into account the multiplicative fluctuations. The behavior of the error due to the power fluctuations and a method to reduce it are analyzed theoretically and simulated numerically. A processing of real data obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ground-based Doppler lidar is also presented. Similar problems were investigated using a different approach based on introducing a correction function to the lidar equation.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, 16th International Laser Radar Conference, Part 2; p 637-640
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  • 6
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    Apparatus for measurement of thermal conductivity of insulation systems subjected to extreme temperature differences (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Advanced aerospace designs require thermal insulation systems which are consistent with cryogenic fluids, high thermal loads, and design restrictions such as weight and volume. To evaluate the thermal performance of these insulating systems, an apparatus capable of measuring thermal conductivity using extreme temperature differences (27 to 1100 K) is being developed. This system is described along with estimates of precision and accuracy in selected operating conditions. Preliminary data are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 7
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    Apparatus for measurement of coefficient of friction (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An apparatus designed to measure the coefficient of friction in certain controlled atmospheres is described. The coefficient of friction observed during high-load tests was nearly constant, with an average value of 0.56. This value is in general agreement with that found in the literature and also with the initial friction coefficient value of 0.67 measured during self-mated friction of 440C steel in an oxygen environment.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 8
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    Determination of Martian soil mineralogy and water content using the Thermal Analyzer for Planetary Soils (TAPS) (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Physical and chemical interactions between the surface and atmosphere of Mars can be expected to embody a strong cause-and-effect relationship with the minerals comprising the martian regolith. Many of the minerals in soils and sediments are probably products of chemical weathering (involving surface/atmosphere or surface/hydrosphere reactions) that could be expected to subsequently influence the sorption of atmospheric gases and water vapor. Therefore, identification of the minerals in martian surface soils and sediments is essential for understanding both past and present interactions between the Mars surface and atmosphere. Clearly, the most definitive mineral analyses would be achieved with well-preserved samples returned to Earth-based laboratories. In advance of a Mars sample return mission, however, significant progress could be made with in situ experiments that fill current voids in knowledge about the presence or abundance of key soil minerals such as clays (layered-structured silicates), zeolites, and various salts, including carbonates. TAPS is intended to answer that challenge by providing first-order identification of soil and sediment minerals.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., MSATT Workshop on Innovative Instrumentation for the In Situ Study of Atmosphere-Surface Interactions on Mars; p 4-5
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  • 9
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    Two-color holography concept (T-CHI) (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Material Processing in the Space Program of NASA-MSFC was active in developing numerous optical techniques for the characterization of fluids in the vicinity of various materials during crystallization and/or solidification. Two-color holographic interferometry demonstrates that temperature and concentration separation in transparent (T-CHI) model systems is possible. The experiments were performed for particular (succinonitrile) systems. Several solutions are possible in Microgravity Sciences and Applications (MSA) experiments on future Shuttle missions. The theory of the T-CHI concept is evaluated. Although particular cases are used for explanations, the concepts developed will be universal. A breadboard system design is also presented for ultimate fabrication and testing of theoretical findings. New developments in holography involving optical fibers and diode lasers are also incorporated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-184240 , NAS 1.26:184240
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  • 10
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    Failure of the ERBE scanner instrument aboard NOAA 10 spacecraft and results of failure analysis (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner instrument on the NOAA 10 spacecraft malfunctioned on May 22, 1989, after more than 4 years of in-flight operation. After the failure, all instrument operational mode commands were tested and the resulting data analyzed. Details of the tests and analysis of output data are discussed therein. The radiometric and housekeeping data appear to be valid. However, the instrument will not correctly execute operational scan mode commands or the preprogrammed calibration sequences. The data indicate the problem is the result of a failure in the internal address decoding circuity in one of the ROM (read only memory) chips of the instrument computer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-102661 , NAS 1.15:102661
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