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  • 1
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    Flame characteristics of a NASA contra swirler module (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The structure of unconfined flames stabilized on a NASA contra-swirl can has been examined. The structure depends on reference velocity and fuel-air ratio, and photographic illustrations of representative examples of each flame type are shown. A highly compact flame is obtained over a narrow band of fuel-air ratios, within the total range over which flames may be stabilized, at high reference velocity (27.8 m/s). The compact structure can only be obtained with careful fuel nozzle location. Chemical concentration profiles, temperature profiles and sodium chloride seeding experiments all confirm the visual impression of compactness. A flame with 50% greater fuel throughput has a much less compact structure, which is reflected in lower maximum temperature, much more complex chemical concentration distributions and a more diffuse recirculation boundary as observed by sodium chloride seeding than in the compact flame. Each of these flames has not only an evident axial recirculation core but also a toroidal recirculation region over the bluff region between the inner and outer swirlers. In contrast, laser Doppler velocimetry measurements carried out on a flame with lower reference velocity (5.65 m/s) do not indicate the presence of a secondary recirculation region in this flame.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: Spring Technical Meeting; Mar 28, 1977 - Mar 30, 1977; Cleveland, OH
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The effect of preheat on the structure of a swirl stabilized flame (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The effect of preheat on the temperature and species distributions in propane flames stabilized on a NASA contraswirl can has been examined. Flames with compact stable structure, inner-swirler airflow of 0.0091 kg/s, outer-swirler-plus-bypass airflow of 0.0203 kg/s, and propane injected 1 mm upstream of the inner swirler hub have been selected for detailed study. Over the inlet-air-temperature range from 300 to 673 K the maximum temperature in the flame increased by 40 to 60 K per 100-K increase in inlet air temperature. The point of maximum temperature on the center line approached the exit plane as inlet air temperature was increased. Oxygen, CO, H2, and methane were found together in gas samples taken from the flame, including the regions of maximum flame temperature.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 78-28 , Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 16, 1978 - Jan 18, 1978; Huntsville, AL
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Flame characteristics of a NASA contra swirler module (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Results are presented for an investigation of the structure of unconfined propane flames stabilized on a NASA contra-swirl can. General flame characterization, flame visualization by sodium chloride, temperature measurements, combustion products analysis, nitric oxide concentrations, and laser anemometer studies are considered. The results are discussed relative to sodium chloride visualization, temperature distributions, chemical composition of flames, nitric oxide distributions, and velocity distributions. It is shown that unconfined propane-air flames can be stabilized downstream of a NASA contra-swirl can under a wide range of airflow rates and fuel-air ratios. However, on increasing fuel input from the lowest at which flames can be stabilized, a compact recirculation zone-stabilized flame is formed. The effect of confinement on changes in flame shape and structure is determined.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: ASME PAPER 78-GT-163 , American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Gas Turbine Conference and Products Show; Apr 09, 1978 - Apr 13, 1978; London
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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