ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Heliothis zea  (22)
  • Hymenoptera  (21)
  • biological control  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 471-490 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: parasitoids ; foraging behavior ; learning ; experience ; variability ; model ; biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An important factor inducing variability in foraging behavior in parasitic wasps is experience gained by the insect. Together with the insect's genetic constitution and physiological state, experience ultimately defines the behavioral repertoire under specified environmental circumstances. We present a conceptual variable-response model based on several major observations of a foraging parasitoid's responses to stimuli involved in the hostfinding process. These major observations are that (1) different stimuli evoke different responses or levels of response, (2) strong responses are less variable than weak ones, (3) learning can change response levels, (4) learning increases originally low responses more than originally high responses, and (5) hostderived stimuli serve as rewards in associative learning of other stimuli. The model specifies how the intrinsic variability of a response will depend on the magnitude of the response and predicts when and how learning will modify the insect's behavior. Additional hypotheses related to the model concern how experience with a stimulus modifies behavioral responses to other stimuli, how animals respond in multistimulus situations, which stimuli act to reinforce behavioral responses to other stimuli in the learning process, and finally, how generalist and specialist species differ in their behavioral plasticity. We postulate that insight into behavioral variability in the foraging behavior of natural enemies may be a help, if not a prerequisite, for the efficient application of parasitoids in pest management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; cotton ; cowpea ; parasitoid ; host location ; kairomones ; olfaction ; induced plant responses ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted to determine the primary source of volatile cues within the plant-host complex used by hostseeking freeflying female Microplitis cro-ceipesCresson in flight tunnel bioassays. In single-source and two-choice tests, using wasps given an oviposition experience on either cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)seedlings damaged by corn earworm (CEW; Helicoverpa zeaBoddie), the damaged seedlings were significantly more attractive than the CEW frass, which was in turn more attractive than the larvae themselves. In a series of two-choice wind-tunnel tests, the discriminatory ability of the wasps was examined, following various oviposition experiences. Significantly more wasps flew to plants with “old” damage than to plants with “fresh” damage, regardless of whether they had experience on fresh or old damage. In a comparison of plant species, wasps with only one experience on either hostdamaged cotton or host-damaged cowpea were unable to distinguish between them, and showed no preference for either plant, whereas wasps with multiple experiences on a particular plant preferentially flew to that plant in the choice test. In comparing hosts with nonhosts, wasps successfully learned to distinguish CEW from beet armyworm (BAW; Spodoptera exigua)on cotton but were unable to distinguish CEW from either BAW or cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni)on cowpea. The results show the important role played by plant volatiles in the location of hosts by M. croceipesand indicate the wasps’ limitations in discriminating among the various odors. The ecological advantages and disadvantages of this behavior are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: kairomone ; frass ; Microplitis demolitor ; Heliothis zea ; Trichoplusia ni ; host selection ; behavior ; Hymenoptera ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Microplitis demolitor, un parasitoïde solitaire de plusieurs espèces de chenilles de noctuelles, a été introduit d'Australie aux Etats-Unis comme agent potentiel de contrôle biologique. Les fèces des chenilles d'Heliothis zea et Trichoplusia ni élevées sur des cotyledons de pois (Pink Eye Purple Hull Cowpea) stimulent les femelles à sélectionner un hôte, mais les fèces des chenilles des deux espèces élevées sur diète CSM ne possèdent pas cette activité. Un extrait hexanique des fèces des chenilles de H. zea élevées sur cotyledons de pois stimule également ce comportement, de même que le 13-methylhentriacontane, substance présente dans les fèces des chenilles de H. zea (Jones et al., 1971). Les femelles de M. demolitor exposées immédiatement avant leur lâcher en serre aux fèces des chenilles de H. zea, nourries de cotyledons de pois, parasitent un plus fort pourcentage (41.7%) de chenilles de H. zea que cells qui n'ont pas été exposées aux fèces (13.9%). Le comportement de sélection de l'hôte des femelles de M. demolitor est donc semblable à celui des femelles de Microplitis croceipes, un parasitoïde étroitement apparenté indigène des Etats-U-nis. La femelle, par exemple, est stimulée par une kairomone des fèces des larves de H. zea nourries sur des cotyledons de pois (incluant le 13-methyl-hentriacontane), la diète affecte l'activité kairomonale des fèces, et une exposition préalable aux fèces avant le lâcher stimule le comportement de sélection de l'hôte. La stimulation du comportement de sélection de l'hôte, au moment du lâcher peut être utilisée pour améliorer l'efficacité des lâchers des parasitoïdes dans les programmes de contrôle biologique.
    Notes: Abstract Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson, a solitary larval parasitoid of several species of Noctuidae, has been imported into the United States from Australia. A closely related species, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), is native to the United States. The host-selection behavior of M. demolitor females is similar to that of M. croceipes in that it is stimulated by kairomones (including 13-methylhentriacontane) in the frass of Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae, larval diet affects the kairomonal activity of the frass, and exposure to frass prior to release stimulates host-selection behavior. M. demolitor females also respond to frass from Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) larvae that had fed on Pink Eye Purple Hull Cowpea cotyledons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Telenomus remus ; Trichogramma pretiosum ; Spodoptera fruigiperda ; Heliothis zea ; kairomones ; accessory gland ; host acceptance ; host recognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude a utilisé une technique voisine de celle employée par Strand & Vinson (1982), pour examiner les réactions de parasitoïdes à des billes de verre enduites de substances, afin de déterminer l'influence des sécrétions des glandes annexes (AGM) de Spodoptera frugiperda et Heliothis zea dans le repérage des hôtes par Telenomus remus et Trichogramma pretiosum. Les femelles de T. remus réagissaient plus aux billes enduites d'AGM de S. frugiperda qu'aux billes témois non enduites; celles de T. pretiosum réagissaient plus aux billes enduites d'AGM de H. zea qu'aux témoins. T. remus n'a pas réagi aux billes enduites d'AGM de H. zea, ni T. pretiosum à celles enduites d'AGM de S. frugiperda. Les poids moléculaires des protéines des glandes annexes de H. zea sont 1.100 K et 50 K, et ceux de S. frugiperda de 700 K et 30 K (Strand & Vinson, 1983a). T. remus a mieux réagi aux billes enduites de la fraction 700 K de S. frugiperda qu'a celles enduites de la fraction 30 K, aux deux fractions de H. zea et aux billes témoins. Les billes enduites de la fraction 1.100 K de H. zea ont provoqué aussi une réaction significative de T. remus. Les sécrétions des glandes annexes de S. frugiperda et de H. zea contiennent des kairomones qui interviennent dans le repérage des hôtes respectifs de T. remus et de T. pretiosum. Mais, il semble peu probable que ces substances soient seules responsables de la reconnaissance de l'hôte.
    Notes: Abstract Accessory gland materials from Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) contained kairomones that influenced the host recognition or acceptance behavior of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelonidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymeoptera: Trichogrammatidae), respectively. Material from S. frugiperda accessory glands stimulated ovipositor probing and drilling by female T. remus but not T. pretiosum. Accessory gland material from H. zea stimulated ovipositor probing and drilling by female T. pretiosum but not T. remus. An active material for T. remus is found in the 700 K protein fraction of accessory gland material from S. frugiperda. The oviposition behavior of the parasitoids is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; Heliothis zea ; parasitoid ; host selection ; volatile attractant ; olfactometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The response ofMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson) to odors from a plant-host complex was investigated using a four-choice olfactometer. Female, but not male, parasitoids responded in a dose-dependent fashion to volatiles from the plant-host complex and oviposition experience enhanced this response. Female age had no apparent effect on the response. Both artificially damaged leaves and frass elicited positive responses but of lower magnitude than those elicited by the plant-host complex. Volatiles collected from the plant-host complex placed on filter paper also elicited positive responses by female parasitoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Microplitis croceipes ; Microplitis demolitor ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; parasitoids ; semiochemicals ; kairomones ; 13-methylhentriacontane ; stereoisomers ; enantiomers ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The responses ofMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson) andMicroplitis demolitor Wilkinson to theR andS stereoisomers of the kairomone 13-meth-ylhentriacontane were evaluated. Singly and in combination at 5, 50-, and 500-ng dosage levels each were tested. There was a linear dosage response by both species to the three dosages. Furthermore, there was no difference between responses to the two stereoisomers or their combination by either species at any dosage level. The effects of the two stereoisomers were fully interchangeable and additive. This is the first report of parasitoid responses to stereoisomers of a kairomone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 141-168 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; anemotaxis ; parasitoid ; jet plumes ; optomotor response ; semiochemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Odor-mediated host-searching by femaleMicroplitis croceipes, a braconid endoparasitoid of larvalHeliothis species, was studied in a flight tunnel. Volatiles emitted by third-instarH. zea feeding on cowpea seedling leaves were released and carried with the wind, resulting either in an irregularly shaped plume, or injected with high velocity, resulting in a conically shaped jet plume. Flight maneuvers ofM. croceipes had a higher stereotype in jet plumes compared to irregularly shaped plumes. Variation in odor concentration in jet plumes due to intermittent feeding of the host larvae did not affect the number of flights. At the levels employed, odor concentration did not alter the rate of upwind progress in jet plumes. Because air velocity inside a jet increases in the upwind direction,M. crocepies regulates its ground-speed during its approach to the odor source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3067-3089 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Semiochemicals ; kairomones ; parasitoid behavior ; parasitoid manipulation ; foraging environment ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Allelochemicals are known to serve important roles at all steps in the host-searching sequence of parasitoids. We discuss the various roles of these allelochemics and the type of information needed to develop their use in pest control, which to date has been very limited. Rapid advancements are being made with respect to airborne chemicals and longer-range foraging behavior. Moreover, recent discoveries have shown that genetic diversity in parasitoid populations and phenotypic plasticity of individuals, together with their physiological state, often result in substantial variations in the response to chemical cues. Successful application of semiochemical-parasitoid systems will require management of these intrinsic parasitoid variables as well as management of the foraging environment. We illustrate emerging technology for such an application. For the immediate future, the development of this technology will allow us to: (1) define the genetic and phenotypic foraging profiles important to consistent and efficient parasitoid foraging, and (2) establish the proper propagation and release procedures and monitoring bioassays necessary to ensure appropriate behavioral and physiological qualities of released organisms. For the long term, we envision technology for comprehensively manipulating the pest/crop environment in ways that would provide foraging stimuli and other needs important to retention and efficiency of parasitoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 507-511 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chrysopa carnea ; Heliothis zea ; kairomones ; predators ; biological control ; entomophagy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Evidence is presented that demonstrates the presence of kairomones for larvae ofChrysopa carnea Stephens in materials associated with egg deposition by femaleHeliothis zea (Boddie). These kairomones are involved in prey finding and/or acceptance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: kairomones ; Trichogramma evanescens ; Trichogramma achaeae ; biological control ; pest management ; Heliothis zea ; Anticarsia gemmatalis ; pheromones ; insect behavior ; host finding ; parasitoids ; behavior chemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Kairomones forTrichogramma spp. were evaluated in the field on soybeans and crimson clover. Blanket (complete coverage) spraying of plots (either a synthetic tricosane or an eluate from a hexane extract of moth scales, depending on the responsiveness of theTrichogramma spp. present) resulted in increased parasitization by released and wildTrichogramma populations. The increased parasitization resulted for both natural and artificially applied eggs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...