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  • 1
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    Rapid sediment deposition and fine-scale strata formation in the Hudson estuary (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004): F02004, doi:10.1029/2003JF000096.
    Description: A 9 month time series of tripod-mounted optical and acoustic measurements of sediment concentration and bed elevation was used to examine depositional processes in relationship to hydrodynamic variables in the Hudson River estuary. A series of cores was also taken directly under and adjacent to the acoustic measurements to examine the relation between the depositional processes and the resulting fine-scale stratigraphy. The measurements reveal that deposition occurs as a result of sediment flux convergence behind a salinity front and that the accumulation rates are sufficient to deposit up to 25 cm of new high-porosity sediment in a single ebb-tidal phase. Subsequent dewatering and erosion reduces the thickness of the initial deposit to several centimeters. These depositional events were only observed on spring tides. Ten depositional events during two spring tidal cycles produced a seasonal deposit of 18 cm, consistent with estimates of seasonal deposition from cores. A proxy for near-bed suspended grain size variations was estimated from the combined acoustic and optical measurements, implying that the erosional processes resuspend only the finer-grained sediments, thus leaving behind silt and very fine grained sand beds. The thickness of the deposited homogenous clayey silt beds, and the vertical separation between beds interlaminated with silt and very fine sand, are roughly consistent with the acoustic measurements of changes in bed elevations during deposition and erosion. The variability in individual bed thickness is the result of variations of processes over an individual tidal cycle and is not a product of variations over the spring neap fortnightly timescale.
    Description: The authors would like to acknowledge the Hudson River Foundation, who provided funding for this work under grant 009/00A.
    Keywords: Sediment transport ; Estuarine processes ; Fluid mud
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Hydrodynamic baseline measurements in New Bedford Harbor (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Thls report includes a compilation of hydrodynamic data obtained in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts (Figue 1-1), for the purpose of providing baseline information for the selection of an outfall site for a seondary sewage treatment plant for the city of New Bedford. The observations were conducted by scientists at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, commencing in August, 1987 and continuing though March, 1988. They included moored and shipboard measurements of fluid velocity, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity. The measurement program was designated as the "New Bedford Circulation Study", or NBCS. The study indicates that there are a variety of mechanisms responsible for the transport and exchange of water-masses, of which tidal currents are the most energetic, but wind-driven flows are likely the most effective at renewing the water within the Harbor. Estimates of residence times indicate minimum residence times of less than 2 days during periods of strong winds, and maximum residence times of 4 days or more in periods of weak to moderate south winds. Vertical stratificaton is weak in the winter and moderate in the summer, and it has a notable influence on vertical mixing and on the magnitude of shear currents.
    Description: Funding was provided by Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc. under agreement effective 24 August 1987.
    Keywords: New Bedford Harbor ; Hydrodynamics ; Physical Oceanography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 5207444 bytes
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  • 3
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    Observations and modeling of wave-supported sediment gravity flows on the Po prodelta and comparison to prior observations from the Eel shelf (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Continental Shelf Research 27 (2007): 375-399, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2005.07.008.
    Description: A mooring and tripod array was deployed from the fall of 2002 through the spring of 2003 on the Po prodelta to measure sediment transport processes associated with sediment delivered from the Po River. Observations on the prodelta revealed wave-supported gravity flows of high concentration mud suspensions that are dynamically and kinematically similar to those observed on the Eel shelf (Traykovski et al., 2000). Due to the dynamic similarity between the two sites, a simple one-dimensional across-shelf model with the appropriate bottom boundary condition was used to examine fluxes associated with this transport mechanism at both locations. To calculate the sediment concentrations associated with the wave-dominated and wave-current resuspension, a bottom boundary condition using a reference concentration was combined with an “active layer” formulation to limit the amount of sediment in suspension. Whereas the wave-supported gravity flow mechanism dominates the transport on the Eel shelf, on the Po prodelta flux due to this mechanism is equal in magnitude to transport due to wave resuspension and wind-forced mean currents in cross-shore direction. Southward transport due to wave resuspension and wind forced mean currents move an order of magnitude more sediment along-shore than the downslope flux associated wave-supported gravity flows.
    Description: This work funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under grant number #N00014-02-10378, under the direction of program manager, Tom Drake.
    Keywords: Po River ; Adriatic Sea ; Sediment transport ; Turbidity currents ; Fluid mud
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 4
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    The role of morphology and wave-current interaction at tidal inlets : an idealized modeling analysis (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 119 (2014): 8818–8837, doi:10.1002/2014JC010191.
    Description: The outflowing currents from tidal inlets are influenced both by the morphology of the ebb-tide shoal and interaction with incident surface gravity waves. Likewise, the propagation and breaking of incident waves are affected by the morphology and the strength and structure of the outflowing current. The 3-D Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system is applied to numerically analyze the interaction between currents, waves, and bathymetry in idealized inlet configurations. The bathymetry is found to be a dominant controlling variable. In the absence of an ebb shoal and with weak wave forcing, a narrow outflow jet extends seaward with little lateral spreading. The presence of an ebb-tide shoal produces significant pressure gradients in the region of the outflow, resulting in enhanced lateral spreading of the jet. Incident waves cause lateral spreading and limit the seaward extent of the jet, due both to conversion of wave momentum flux and enhanced bottom friction. The interaction between the vorticity of the outflow jet and the wave stokes drift is also an important driving force for the lateral spreading of the plume. For weak outflows, the outflow jet is actually enhanced by strong waves when there is a channel across the bar, due to the “return current” effect. For both strong and weak outflows, waves increase the alongshore transport in both directions from the inlet due to the wave-induced setup over the ebb shoal. Wave breaking is more influenced by the topography of the ebb shoal than by wave-current interaction, although strong outflows show intensified breaking at the head of the main channel.
    Description: We are grateful to the Career Training Interexchange program that facilitated the training period of Maitane Olabarrieta within the USGS. Maitane Olabarrieta also acknowledges funding from the “Cantabria Campus International Augusto Gonzalez Linares Program.”WRG was supported by ONR grant N00014-13-1–0368.
    Description: 2015-06-23
    Keywords: Wave-current interaction ; Tidal inlets ; Nearshore ; Hydrodynamics ; Plane jet ; Vortex force method ; Rip current ; COAWST modeling system
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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