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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-04-09
    Description: HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) is a transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in cellular adaptation to changes in oxygen availability. In the presence of oxygen, HIF is targeted for destruction by an E3 ubiquitin ligase containing the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL). We found that human pVHL binds to a short HIF-derived peptide when a conserved proline residue at the core of this peptide is hydroxylated. Because proline hydroxylation requires molecular oxygen and Fe(2+), this protein modification may play a key role in mammalian oxygen sensing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ivan, M -- Kondo, K -- Yang, H -- Kim, W -- Valiando, J -- Ohh, M -- Salic, A -- Asara, J M -- Lane, W S -- Kaelin , W G Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):464-8. Epub 2001 Apr 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line ; Cobalt/pharmacology ; Deferoxamine/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Hydroxyproline/*metabolism ; *Ligases ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxygen/*physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Ubiquitins/metabolism ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2010-07-20
    Description: Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) can progress from a slow growing chronic phase to an aggressive blast crisis phase, but the molecular basis of this transition remains poorly understood. Here we have used mouse models of CML to show that disease progression is regulated by the Musashi-Numb signalling axis. Specifically, we find that the chronic phase is marked by high levels of Numb expression whereas the blast crisis phase has low levels of Numb expression, and that ectopic expression of Numb promotes differentiation and impairs advanced-phase disease in vivo. As a possible explanation for the decreased levels of Numb in the blast crisis phase, we show that NUP98-HOXA9, an oncogene associated with blast crisis CML, can trigger expression of the RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (Msi2), which in turn represses Numb. Notably, loss of Msi2 restores Numb expression and significantly impairs the development and propagation of blast crisis CML in vitro and in vivo. Finally we show that Msi2 expression is not only highly upregulated during human CML progression but is also an early indicator of poorer prognosis. These data show that the Musashi-Numb pathway can control the differentiation of CML cells, and raise the possibility that targeting this pathway may provide a new strategy for the therapy of aggressive leukaemias.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2918284/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2918284/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Takahiro -- Kwon, Hyog Young -- Zimdahl, Bryan -- Congdon, Kendra L -- Blum, Jordan -- Lento, William E -- Zhao, Chen -- Lagoo, Anand -- Gerrard, Gareth -- Foroni, Letizia -- Goldman, John -- Goh, Harriet -- Kim, Soo-Hyun -- Kim, Dong-Wook -- Chuah, Charles -- Oehler, Vivian G -- Radich, Jerald P -- Jordan, Craig T -- Reya, Tannishtha -- AI067798/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA122206/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA140371/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA18029/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK072234/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK63031/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP1 CA174422/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD006430/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD006430-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD006430-02/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD006430/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HL097767/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA018029/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA140371/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-01S1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-06/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-07S1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-08/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097767/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097767-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097767-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007184-33/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-010006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-020006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-030006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-040006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-050006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):765-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09171. Epub 2010 Jul 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20639863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blast Crisis/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Disease Progression ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics/metabolism ; Prognosis ; RNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Notch1/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2010-04-30
    Description: Monozygotic or 'identical' twins have been widely studied to dissect the relative contributions of genetics and environment in human diseases. In multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune demyelinating disease and common cause of neurodegeneration and disability in young adults, disease discordance in monozygotic twins has been interpreted to indicate environmental importance in its pathogenesis. However, genetic and epigenetic differences between monozygotic twins have been described, challenging the accepted experimental model in disambiguating the effects of nature and nurture. Here we report the genome sequences of one MS-discordant monozygotic twin pair, and messenger RNA transcriptome and epigenome sequences of CD4(+) lymphocytes from three MS-discordant, monozygotic twin pairs. No reproducible differences were detected between co-twins among approximately 3.6 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or approximately 0.2 million insertion-deletion polymorphisms. Nor were any reproducible differences observed between siblings of the three twin pairs in HLA haplotypes, confirmed MS-susceptibility SNPs, copy number variations, mRNA and genomic SNP and insertion-deletion genotypes, or the expression of approximately 19,000 genes in CD4(+) T cells. Only 2 to 176 differences in the methylation of approximately 2 million CpG dinucleotides were detected between siblings of the three twin pairs, in contrast to approximately 800 methylation differences between T cells of unrelated individuals and several thousand differences between tissues or between normal and cancerous tissues. In the first systematic effort to estimate sequence variation among monozygotic co-twins, we did not find evidence for genetic, epigenetic or transcriptome differences that explained disease discordance. These are the first, to our knowledge, female, twin and autoimmune disease individual genome sequences reported.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862593/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862593/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baranzini, Sergio E -- Mudge, Joann -- van Velkinburgh, Jennifer C -- Khankhanian, Pouya -- Khrebtukova, Irina -- Miller, Neil A -- Zhang, Lu -- Farmer, Andrew D -- Bell, Callum J -- Kim, Ryan W -- May, Gregory D -- Woodward, Jimmy E -- Caillier, Stacy J -- McElroy, Joseph P -- Gomez, Refujia -- Pando, Marcelo J -- Clendenen, Leonda E -- Ganusova, Elena E -- Schilkey, Faye D -- Ramaraj, Thiruvarangan -- Khan, Omar A -- Huntley, Jim J -- Luo, Shujun -- Kwok, Pui-Yan -- Wu, Thomas D -- Schroth, Gary P -- Oksenberg, Jorge R -- Hauser, Stephen L -- Kingsmore, Stephen F -- P20 RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR016480-09/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS026799/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS026799-20A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046297/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046297-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS26799/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS46297/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD077693/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1351-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08990.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. sebaran@cgl.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20428171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Allelic Imbalance/genetics ; Breast/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; CpG Islands/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation/genetics ; Lung/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/*genetics/metabolism ; Twins, Monozygotic/*genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: Small (〈200 nucleotide) RNA (sRNA) profiling of human cells using various technologies demonstrates unexpected complexity of sRNAs with hundreds of thousands of sRNA species present. Genetic and in vitro studies show that these RNAs are not merely degradation products of longer transcripts but could indeed have a function. Furthermore, profiling of RNAs, including the sRNAs, can reveal not only novel transcripts, but also make clear predictions about the existence and properties of novel biochemical pathways operating in a cell. For example, sRNA profiling in human cells indicated the existence of an unknown capping mechanism operating on cleaved RNA, a biochemical component of which was later identified. Here we show that human cells contain a novel type of sRNA that has non-genomically encoded 5' poly(U) tails. The presence of these RNAs at the termini of genes, specifically at the very 3' ends of known mRNAs, strongly argues for the presence of a yet uncharacterized endogenous biochemical pathway in cells that can copy RNA. We show that this pathway can operate on multiple genes, with specific enrichment towards transcript-encoding components of the translational machinery. Finally, we show that genes are also flanked by sense, 3' polyadenylated sRNAs that are likely to be capped.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058539/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058539/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kapranov, Philipp -- Ozsolak, Fatih -- Kim, Sang Woo -- Foissac, Sylvain -- Lipson, Doron -- Hart, Chris -- Roels, Steve -- Borel, Christelle -- Antonarakis, Stylianos E -- Monaghan, A Paula -- John, Bino -- Milos, Patrice M -- GM079756/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH60774/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079756/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079756-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079756-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079756-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005230/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 29;466(7306):642-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09190.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Helicos BioSciences Corporation, 1 Kendall Sq. Ste B7301 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-1671, USA. philippk08@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Genes/*genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Nucleotides/genetics ; Poly A/genetics/metabolism ; Poly U/genetics/metabolism ; RNA/biosynthesis/*classification/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Antisense/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-07-10
    Description: Recent advances in sequencing technologies have initiated an era of personal genome sequences. To date, human genome sequences have been reported for individuals with ancestry in three distinct geographical regions: a Yoruba African, two individuals of northwest European origin, and a person from China. Here we provide a highly annotated, whole-genome sequence for a Korean individual, known as AK1. The genome of AK1 was determined by an exacting, combined approach that included whole-genome shotgun sequencing (27.8x coverage), targeted bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing, and high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization using custom microarrays featuring more than 24 million probes. Alignment to the NCBI reference, a composite of several ethnic clades, disclosed nearly 3.45 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 10,162 non-synonymous SNPs, and 170,202 deletion or insertion polymorphisms (indels). SNP and indel densities were strongly correlated genome-wide. Applying very conservative criteria yielded highly reliable copy number variants for clinical considerations. Potential medical phenotypes were annotated for non-synonymous SNPs, coding domain indels, and structural variants. The integration of several human whole-genome sequences derived from several ethnic groups will assist in understanding genetic ancestry, migration patterns and population bottlenecks.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860965/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860965/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jong-Il -- Ju, Young Seok -- Park, Hansoo -- Kim, Sheehyun -- Lee, Seonwook -- Yi, Jae-Hyuk -- Mudge, Joann -- Miller, Neil A -- Hong, Dongwan -- Bell, Callum J -- Kim, Hye-Sun -- Chung, In-Soon -- Lee, Woo-Chung -- Lee, Ji-Sun -- Seo, Seung-Hyun -- Yun, Ji-Young -- Woo, Hyun Nyun -- Lee, Heewook -- Suh, Dongwhan -- Lee, Seungbok -- Kim, Hyun-Jin -- Yavartanoo, Maryam -- Kwak, Minhye -- Zheng, Ying -- Lee, Mi Kyeong -- Park, Hyunjun -- Kim, Jeong Yeon -- Gokcumen, Omer -- Mills, Ryan E -- Zaranek, Alexander Wait -- Thakuria, Joseph -- Wu, Xiaodi -- Kim, Ryan W -- Huntley, Jim J -- Luo, Shujun -- Schroth, Gary P -- Wu, Thomas D -- Kim, HyeRan -- Yang, Kap-Seok -- Park, Woong-Yang -- Kim, Hyungtae -- Church, George M -- Lee, Charles -- Kingsmore, Stephen F -- Seo, Jeong-Sun -- HG004221/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR016480-08/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD077693/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1011-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08211. Epub 2009 Jul 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Computational Biology ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation/genetics ; Korea ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: Synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) do not produce altered coding sequences, and therefore they are not expected to change the function of the protein in which they occur. We report that a synonymous SNP in the Multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR1) gene, part of a haplotype previously linked to altered function of the MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein (P-gp), nonetheless results in P-gp with altered drug and inhibitor interactions. Similar mRNA and protein levels, but altered conformations, were found for wild-type and polymorphic P-gp. We hypothesize that the presence of a rare codon, marked by the synonymous polymorphism, affects the timing of cotranslational folding and insertion of P-gp into the membrane, thereby altering the structure of substrate and inhibitor interaction sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kimchi-Sarfaty, Chava -- Oh, Jung Mi -- Kim, In-Wha -- Sauna, Zuben E -- Calcagno, Anna Maria -- Ambudkar, Suresh V -- Gottesman, Michael M -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):525-8. Epub 2006 Dec 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. kimchi@cber.fda.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Codon ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; *Genes, MDR ; Haplotypes ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; P-Glycoprotein/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhodamine 123/metabolism/pharmacology ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; Substrate Specificity ; Transfection ; Verapamil/metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: The T cell coreceptors CD4 and CD8 both associate via their cytoplasmic tails with the N-terminus of the Src-family tyrosine kinase Lck. These interactions require zinc and are critical for T cell development and activation. We examined the folding and solution structures of ternary CD4-Lck-Zn2+ and CD8alpha-Lck-Zn2+ complexes. The coreceptor tails and the Lck N-terminus are unstructured in isolation but assemble in the presence of zinc to form compactly folded heterodimeric domains. The cofolded complexes have similar "zinc clasp" cores that are augmented by distinct structural elements. A dileucine motif required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis of CD4 is masked by Lck.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Peter W -- Sun, Zhen-Yu J -- Blacklow, Stephen C -- Wagner, Gerhard -- Eck, Michael J -- CA080942/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL61001/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1725-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD4/*chemistry/metabolism ; Antigens, CD8/*chemistry/metabolism ; Calorimetry ; Cytoplasm/chemistry ; Dimerization ; Dipeptides/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sequence Alignment ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology ; Zinc/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-26
    Description: Vibrio cholerae is a globally important pathogen that is endemic in many areas of the world and causes 3-5 million reported cases of cholera every year. Historically, there have been seven acknowledged cholera pandemics; recent outbreaks in Zimbabwe and Haiti are included in the seventh and ongoing pandemic. Only isolates in serogroup O1 (consisting of two biotypes known as 'classical' and 'El Tor') and the derivative O139 can cause epidemic cholera. It is believed that the first six cholera pandemics were caused by the classical biotype, but El Tor has subsequently spread globally and replaced the classical biotype in the current pandemic. Detailed molecular epidemiological mapping of cholera has been compromised by a reliance on sub-genomic regions such as mobile elements to infer relationships, making El Tor isolates associated with the seventh pandemic seem superficially diverse. To understand the underlying phylogeny of the lineage responsible for the current pandemic, we identified high-resolution markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs) in 154 whole-genome sequences of globally and temporally representative V. cholerae isolates. Using this phylogeny, we show here that the seventh pandemic has spread from the Bay of Bengal in at least three independent but overlapping waves with a common ancestor in the 1950s, and identify several transcontinental transmission events. Additionally, we show how the acquisition of the SXT family of antibiotic resistance elements has shaped pandemic spread, and show that this family was first acquired at least ten years before its discovery in V. cholerae.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736323/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736323/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mutreja, Ankur -- Kim, Dong Wook -- Thomson, Nicholas R -- Connor, Thomas R -- Lee, Je Hee -- Kariuki, Samuel -- Croucher, Nicholas J -- Choi, Seon Young -- Harris, Simon R -- Lebens, Michael -- Niyogi, Swapan Kumar -- Kim, Eun Jin -- Ramamurthy, T -- Chun, Jongsik -- Wood, James L N -- Clemens, John D -- Czerkinsky, Cecil -- Nair, G Balakrish -- Holmgren, Jan -- Parkhill, Julian -- Dougan, Gordon -- 076962/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 076964/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 24;477(7365):462-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10392.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21866102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cholera/*epidemiology/microbiology/*transmission ; Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; Haiti/epidemiology ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Pandemics/*statistics & numerical data ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Vibrio cholerae/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1994-12-23
    Description: Synthesis of DNA at chromosome ends by telomerase may be necessary for indefinite proliferation of human cells. A highly sensitive assay for measuring telomerase activity was developed. In cultured cells representing 18 different human tissues, 98 of 100 immortal and none of 22 mortal populations were positive for telomerase. Similarly, 90 of 101 biopsies representing 12 human tumor types and none of 50 normal somatic tissues were positive. Normal ovaries and testes were positive, but benign tumors such as fibroids were negative. Thus, telomerase appears to be stringently repressed in normal human somatic tissues but reactivated in cancer, where immortal cells are likely required to maintain tumor growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, N W -- Piatyszek, M A -- Prowse, K R -- Harley, C B -- West, M D -- Ho, P L -- Coviello, G M -- Wright, W E -- Weinrich, S L -- Shay, J W -- AG07992/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA50195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA65178/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 23;266(5193):2011-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geron Corporation, Menlo Park, CA 94025.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7605428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed/enzymology ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Repression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasms/*enzymology ; Ovary/enzymology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Testis/enzymology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-11-29
    Description: The recent increase in anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen from northeastern Asia and the subsequent enhanced deposition over the extensive regions of the North Pacific Ocean (NPO) have led to a detectable increase in the nitrate (N) concentration of the upper ocean. The rate of increase of excess N relative to phosphate (P) was found to be highest (~0.24 micromoles per kilogram per year) in the vicinity of the Asian source continent, with rates decreasing eastward across the NPO, consistent with the magnitude and distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. This anthropogenically driven increase in the N content of the upper NPO may enhance primary production in this N-limited region, potentially leading to a long-term change of the NPO from being N-limited to P-limited.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Il-Nam -- Lee, Kitack -- Gruber, Nicolas -- Karl, David M -- Bullister, John L -- Yang, Simon -- Kim, Tae-Wook -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1102-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1258396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea. ; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea. ktl@postech.ac.kr. ; Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. ; Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1950 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. ; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA 98115, USA. ; Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, 426-744, Republic of Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430767" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia ; Humans ; Nitrates/*analysis ; Nitrogen/*analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Phosphates/analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis ; *Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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