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  • Humans  (6)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Obesity is a highly heritable and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Here we investigated the contribution of copy number variation to obesity in 300 Caucasian patients with severe early-onset obesity, 143 of whom also had developmental delay. Large (〉500 kilobases), rare (〈1%) deletions were significantly enriched in patients compared to 7,366 controls (P 〈 0.001). We identified several rare copy number variants that were recurrent in patients but absent or at much lower prevalence in controls. We identified five patients with overlapping deletions on chromosome 16p11.2 that were found in 2 out of 7,366 controls (P 〈 5 x 10(-5)). In three patients the deletion co-segregated with severe obesity. Two patients harboured a larger de novo 16p11.2 deletion, extending through a 593-kilobase region previously associated with autism and mental retardation; both of these patients had mild developmental delay in addition to severe obesity. In an independent sample of 1,062 patients with severe obesity alone, the smaller 16p11.2 deletion was found in an additional two patients. All 16p11.2 deletions encompass several genes but include SH2B1, which is known to be involved in leptin and insulin signalling. Deletion carriers exhibited hyperphagia and severe insulin resistance disproportionate for the degree of obesity. We show that copy number variation contributes significantly to the genetic architecture of human obesity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108883/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108883/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bochukova, Elena G -- Huang, Ni -- Keogh, Julia -- Henning, Elana -- Purmann, Carolin -- Blaszczyk, Kasia -- Saeed, Sadia -- Hamilton-Shield, Julian -- Clayton-Smith, Jill -- O'Rahilly, Stephen -- Hurles, Matthew E -- Farooqi, I Sadaf -- 077014/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077014/Z/05/0Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 082390/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 082390/Z/07/Z)/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 085475/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0900554/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 4;463(7281):666-70. doi: 10.1038/nature08689. Epub 2009 Dec 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19966786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics ; Age of Onset ; Child ; *Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/*genetics ; Cohort Studies ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; Developmental Disabilities/complications/genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Hyperphagia/genetics ; Inheritance Patterns/genetics ; Insulin Resistance/genetics ; Mutation/genetics ; Obesity/complications/epidemiology/*genetics/*physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: Since its discovery in 1989, efforts to grow clinical isolates of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in cell culture have met with limited success. Only the JFH-1 isolate has the capacity to replicate efficiently in cultured hepatoma cells without cell culture-adaptive mutations. We hypothesized that cultured cells lack one or more factors required for the replication of clinical isolates. To identify the missing factors, we transduced Huh-7.5 human hepatoma cells with a pooled lentivirus-based human complementary DNA (cDNA) library, transfected the cells with HCV subgenomic replicons lacking adaptive mutations, and selected for stable replicon colonies. This led to the identification of a single cDNA, SEC14L2, that enabled RNA replication of diverse HCV genotypes in several hepatoma cell lines. This effect was dose-dependent, and required the continuous presence of SEC14L2. Full-length HCV genomes also replicated and produced low levels of infectious virus. Remarkably, SEC14L2-expressing Huh-7.5 cells also supported HCV replication following inoculation with patient sera. Mechanistic studies suggest that SEC14L2 promotes HCV infection by enhancing vitamin E-mediated protection against lipid peroxidation. This provides a foundation for development of in vitro replication systems for all HCV isolates, creating a useful platform to dissect the mechanisms by which cell culture-adaptive mutations act.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4632207/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4632207/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saeed, Mohsan -- Andreo, Ursula -- Chung, Hyo-Young -- Espiritu, Christine -- Branch, Andrea D -- Silva, Jose M -- Rice, Charles M -- DA031095/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI072613/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI099284/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA031095/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK090317/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01AI072613/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI099284/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01CA057973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01DK090317/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 27;524(7566):471-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14899. Epub 2015 Aug 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26266980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antioxidants/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics/*metabolism/*virology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Library ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; *Genotype ; Hepacivirus/*genetics/*growth & development/physiology ; Host-Derived Cellular Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lentivirus/genetics ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Lipoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation/genetics ; RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics ; Replicon/genetics ; Serum/virology ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Transduction, Genetic ; *Virus Replication/genetics ; Vitamin E/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, Charles M -- Saeed, Mohsan -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jun 5;510(7503):43-4. doi: 10.1038/510043a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24899301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Hepacivirus/*drug effects ; Hepatitis C/diagnosis/*drug therapy/*virology ; Humans ; Interferon Type I/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Ribavirin/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Sofosbuvir ; Uridine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: Monocyte differentiation into macrophages represents a cornerstone process for host defense. Concomitantly, immunological imprinting of either tolerance or trained immunity determines the functional fate of macrophages and susceptibility to secondary infections. We characterized the transcriptomes and epigenomes in four primary cell types: monocytes and in vitro-differentiated naive, tolerized, and trained macrophages. Inflammatory and metabolic pathways were modulated in macrophages, including decreased inflammasome activation, and we identified pathways functionally implicated in trained immunity. beta-glucan training elicits an exclusive epigenetic signature, revealing a complex network of enhancers and promoters. Analysis of transcription factor motifs in deoxyribonuclease I hypersensitive sites at cell-type-specific epigenetic loci unveiled differentiation and treatment-specific repertoires. Altogether, we provide a resource to understand the epigenetic changes that underlie innate immunity in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242194/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242194/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saeed, Sadia -- Quintin, Jessica -- Kerstens, Hindrik H D -- Rao, Nagesha A -- Aghajanirefah, Ali -- Matarese, Filomena -- Cheng, Shih-Chin -- Ratter, Jacqueline -- Berentsen, Kim -- van der Ent, Martijn A -- Sharifi, Nilofar -- Janssen-Megens, Eva M -- Ter Huurne, Menno -- Mandoli, Amit -- van Schaik, Tom -- Ng, Aylwin -- Burden, Frances -- Downes, Kate -- Frontini, Mattia -- Kumar, Vinod -- Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J -- Ouwehand, Willem H -- van der Meer, Jos W M -- Joosten, Leo A B -- Wijmenga, Cisca -- Martens, Joost H A -- Xavier, Ramnik J -- Logie, Colin -- Netea, Mihai G -- Stunnenberg, Hendrik G -- P30 DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RG/09/012/28096/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1251086. doi: 10.1126/science.1251086.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. National Health Service, Blood and Transplant Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB0 2PT, UK. ; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. ; Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. h.stunnenberg@ncmls.ru.nl mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl c.logie@ncmls.ru.nl. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. h.stunnenberg@ncmls.ru.nl mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl c.logie@ncmls.ru.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Deoxyribonuclease I/chemistry ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Immunologic Memory ; Inflammasomes/genetics/immunology ; Macrophages/*cytology/immunology ; Mice ; Monocytes/*cytology/immunology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; beta-Glucans/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: Epigenetic reprogramming of myeloid cells, also known as trained immunity, confers nonspecific protection from secondary infections. Using histone modification profiles of human monocytes trained with the Candida albicans cell wall constituent beta-glucan, together with a genome-wide transcriptome, we identified the induced expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism. Trained monocytes display high glucose consumption, high lactate production, and a high ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) to its reduced form (NADH), reflecting a shift in metabolism with an increase in glycolysis dependent on the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) through a dectin-1-Akt-HIF-1alpha (hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha) pathway. Inhibition of Akt, mTOR, or HIF-1alpha blocked monocyte induction of trained immunity, whereas the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator metformin inhibited the innate immune response to fungal infection. Mice with a myeloid cell-specific defect in HIF-1alpha were unable to mount trained immunity against bacterial sepsis. Our results indicate that induction of aerobic glycolysis through an Akt-mTOR-HIF-1alpha pathway represents the metabolic basis of trained immunity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226238/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226238/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, Shih-Chin -- Quintin, Jessica -- Cramer, Robert A -- Shepardson, Kelly M -- Saeed, Sadia -- Kumar, Vinod -- Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J -- Martens, Joost H A -- Rao, Nagesha Appukudige -- Aghajanirefah, Ali -- Manjeri, Ganesh R -- Li, Yang -- Ifrim, Daniela C -- Arts, Rob J W -- van der Veer, Brian M J W -- Deen, Peter M T -- Logie, Colin -- O'Neill, Luke A -- Willems, Peter -- van de Veerdonk, Frank L -- van der Meer, Jos W M -- Ng, Aylwin -- Joosten, Leo A B -- Wijmenga, Cisca -- Stunnenberg, Hendrik G -- Xavier, Ramnik J -- Netea, Mihai G -- 1P30GM106394-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5P30GM103415-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DK097485/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK43351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 GM103415/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 GM106394/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081838/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK097485/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01AI81838/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1250684. doi: 10.1126/science.1250684.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. ; 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, 12462 Athens, Greece. ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. ; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis/immunology ; Animals ; Candida albicans/immunology ; Candidiasis/immunology/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycolysis/*immunology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics/*metabolism ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Immunologic Memory/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Sepsis/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Staphylococcal Infections/immunology/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptome ; beta-Glucans/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Urine of the human fetus stimulated prostaglandin biosynthesis in vitro by increasing the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. The stimulatory activity in urine from fetuses delivered at term after labor of spontaneous onset was greater than that in urine from fetuses delivered by cesarean section at term before the onset of labor. Such stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by the fetal membranes, by way of a substance released into the urine and thence into amniotic fluid, could serve as a signal for the initiation of parturition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strickland, D M -- Saeed, S A -- Casey, M L -- Mitchell, M D -- 5-P50-HD11149/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):521-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6573023" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Dinoprostone ; Extraembryonic Membranes/physiology ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Labor Onset ; *Labor, Obstetric ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prostaglandins/*biosynthesis ; Prostaglandins E/biosynthesis ; *Urine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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