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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering to contain the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene enhances degradation of benzoic acid by Xanthomonas maltophilia (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49 (1996), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Xanthomonas maltophilia ; benzoic acid ; Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene ; genetic engineering ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Xanthomonas maltophilia was transformed with the gene encoding Vitreoscilla (bacterial) hemoglobin, vgb, and the growth of the engineered strain was compared with that of the untransformed strain using benzoic acid as the sole carbon source. In general, growth of the engineered strain was greater than that of the untransformed strain; this was true for experiments using both overnight cultures and log phase cells as inocula, but particularly for the latter. In both cases the engineered strain was also more efficient than the untransformed strain in converting benzoic acid into biomass. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and excretion of α-amylase in vgb+ and vgb- recombinant escherichia coli: A comparative study (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 673-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: microaerobic growth ; oxygen limitation ; oxygen uptake ; recombinant Escherichia coli ; synthesis and excretion/secretion of α-amylase ; two-stage culture ; Vitreoscilla hemoglobin ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Synthesis and excretion of α-amylase is investigated in batch cultures of Escherichia coli JM103[pMK57] (vgb-) and E. coli JM103[pMK79] (vgb+). While total production and excretion of α-amylase were promoted in Luria broth (LB) (excretion being as high as 87%), cell-mass-specific production of the enzyme was promoted in M9 in bioreactor cultures and in LB in shake flask cultures. Low aeration and agitation rates and presence of starch were conducive to α-amylase synthesis in E. coli JM103[pMK79]. Two-stage bioreactor operating strategies that will improve α-amylase production are proposed. The potential of these strategies is demonstrated via two-stage shake flask cultures. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:673-678, 1998.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing izod impact properties of thermoplastics measured with the autographic impact test (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 119-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The standardization of notched Izod impact test data to normalized values of foot pounds per inch of notch is based on the assumption of a 1:1 increase in breaking strength with increasing notch width. This assumed relation is not supported by experimental tests on commercial thermoplastics. As notch width was increased from 1/8 to 1/4 to 3/8 to 1/2 in., nine of ten thermoplastics tested showed a decrease in normalized impact strength. Each material appears to show a characteristic loss in breaking strengths as the notch width increases. A technique developed for calibration of pendulum impact testers has been used to examine the variation of impact breaking strength in relation to the total kinetic energy of the hammer. Experimental tests show practically no change in impact strengths up to values that take 2/3 of the available hammer energy. Experimental work on the comparison of the impulse transferred by the hammer during breaking with impulse curves photographed by the Autographic Impact test show very good agreement for catastrophic breaks and fair agreement for plastic type breaks. The reduction in recorded impulse is attributed to the degrading of the sample during the plastic portion of the breaking cycle. The peak force of thermoplastics as measured by the Autographic Impact test increases as the temperature decreases from 100°C. or above to 0°C. Over the same temperature range flexural tests on small cantilever samples of these thermoplastics show the same thermal dependence for the flexural yield or permanent distortion stress. Plots of the impact peak forces and flexural yield stress at corresponding temperatures give a linear correlation. Each thermoplastic material exhibits a unique relation for this correlation between impact yielding and flexural yielding. This correlation between the impact and flexural tests over the range of temperatures is the first known experimental indication of a direct relation between impact properties and standard physical tests.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080109
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Swelling characteristics of gel fractions of formaldehyde-modified cotton cellulosesPresented in part at the Spring Meeting of The Fiber Society at Williamsburg, Va., May 1966. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1777-1786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method for assessing extent of swelling of the gel fraction of formaldehyde-modified cottons, employing cupriethylenediamine hydroxide as the swelling agent, is described. Substantial differences in apparent specific volumes of swollen gel fractions are observed for cottons crosslinked by different processes to the same level of agent. The apparent crosslink density measured by the swelling of gel fraction increases with formaldehyde content of the cotton; at 0.20% formaldehyde the order of increasing crosslink density in the various processes of reaction is as follows: nonaqueous system (forms D and D′) 〈 aqueous system (forms W and W′) 〈swelling system (form F) 〈 vapor system (form V) 〈 bake-cure system (form C).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101115
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering of Serratia marcescens with bacterial hemoglobin gene: Effects on growth, oxygen utilization, and cell size (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 57 (1998), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Vitreoscilla hemoglobin ; bacterial hemoglobin ; Serratia marcescens ; genetic engineering ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bacterial hemoglobin from Vitreoscilla has been shown to increase growth yield and yield of genetically engineered product in Escherichia coli. To test the generality of this phenomenon, the approximately 560-bp bacterial (Vitreoscilla) hemoglobin gene (vgb) (including the native promoter), cloned into the vector pUC8 in two constructs containing about 1650 and 850 bp, respectively, of Vitreoscilla DNA downstream of vgb, was transformed into Serratia marcescens. After several transfers of the transformants on selective media, both plasmids became stable in this host and the resulting strains produced hemoglobin. Both transformants were compared, regarding growth in liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) medium, with untransformed S. marcescens and S. marcescens transformed with pUC8. The vgb-bearing strains had about 5 times lower maximum viable cell numbers than the strains without hemoglobin, but the former also had late log or early stationary phase cells that were 5-10 times larger than those of the latter. Further, on a dry cell mass basis the presence of vgb inhibited cell growth in liquid media. In contrast, growth of the vgb-bearing strains on LB plates based on cell mass (determined from colony size) was markedly enhanced compared with that of the pUC8 transformant. Respiration of the vgb-bearing strains was lower than that of the strains without vgb on a cell mass basis. These results show that the presence of vgb can have idiosyncratic effects and is not always an aid to cell growth so that its use for genetic engineering must be tested on a case by case basis. ©1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 57: 477-483, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic engineering of Serratia marcescens with the bacterial hemoglobin gene: Alterations in fermentation pathways (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 640-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Vitreoscilla hemoglobin ; metabolic engineering ; fermentation ; acetoin ; 2,3-butanediol ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Serratia marcescens was transformed with plasmid vector pUC8 or pUC8 containing the bacterial (Vitreoscilla) hemoglobin gene (vgb) on either a 2.3-kb fragment (pUC8:15) or 1.4-kb fragment (pUC8:16) of Vitreoscilla DNA. The vgb-bearing strains were compared with the pUC8 transformant and untransformed S. marcescens with respect to growth in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with glucose or casein acid hydrolysate. Growth (on a viable cell basis) was similar to that in unsupplemented LB. Total acid excretion (as estimated by medium pH) was similar for all strains in both LB plus 2% casein acid hydrolysate and LB without additions. Acid excretion in LB plus 2% glucose was somewhat greater at up to 10 h in culture for the two vgb-bearing strains; from 10 to 26 h in culture, the pHs of these cultures continued to decrease (to 4.1-4.2), whereas those of the non-vgb-bearing strains returned to near the starting pH (7.4-7.8). Concomitantly, after 26 h of culture in LB plus 2% glucose, the non-vgb-bearing strains had produced about 15 times as much acetoin and about three to four times as much 2,3-butanediol as the vgb-bearing strains. In general, for all strains, much more acetoin and 2,3-butanediol were produced in LB plus 2% glucose than in unsupplemented LB. The exception was acetoin production by the strain bearing vgb on plasmid pUC8:15; after 26 h of culture in LB without supplementation it was between three and four times that of the other strains, and about 50% higher than its level in LB plus 2% glucose. When grown with the 2% casein acid hydrolysate supplement, the strain bearing vgb on plasmid pUC8:15 produced much more acetoin and 2,3-butanediol than the other strains after 26 hours in culture. The results confirm that vgb can significantly alter carbon metabolism and suggest that the use of vgb technology for directed metabolic engineering may be a complicated process, depending in part on medium composition. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:640-646, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid stability and α-amylase production in batch and continuous cultures of Bacillus subtilis TN106[pAT5] (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 1010-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cell growth and enzyme (α-amylase) production characteristics of Bacillus subtilis TN106 containing the recombinant plasmid pAT5 are investigated in batch and continuous cultures using a defined medium with glucose as the limiting nutrient. The batch culture studies demonstrate that the recombinant plasmid, reported earlier1 to be stably maintained in the host, suffers from segregational and structural instabilities. The structural instability of this strain occurred during culture storage and can be eliminated in bioreactor experiments by using a modified inoculum preparation procedure. Such elimination allows an unbiased investigation of segregational instability via continuous culture studies. Such studies conducted with this fast growing microorganism, in the absence of antibiotic selection pressure, indicate a very efficient glucose utilization (very low residual glucose concentrations) over a wide range of dilution rates (0.16 h-1 - 0.94 h-1). The nearly time-invariant and low residual glucose concentrations at each such dilution rate enable convenient estimation of growth parameters of the host and recombinant cells and frequency of segregational instability from transients in the resulting mixed cultures. The specific α-amylase activity exhibits an inverse relationship to the specific growth rate of recombinant cells. The growth of recombinant cells is not affected by the presence of antibiotic (kanamycin). The growth advantage of host cells over recombinant cells diminishes with increasing dilution rate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330810
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachwort. Folgerungen über die Form von Kohlenstoffketten (1921)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 119 (1921), S. 292-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19211190120
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organo-metal carbonyl compounds of iron, molybdenum, and manganese as photosensitisers of the anhydride cure of epoxy resins (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 50 (1976), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Verbindungen der Strukturformeln [π-C5H5M(CO)nX] (M = Fe, n = 2; M = Mo, n = 3; X = CH3, CH2C6H5, CH2Si(CH3)3, CH2OCH3, Sn(C6H5)3, SnCl3, HgCl, I), [Mn(CO)5CH3], und [(π-CH3C5H4)Mn(CO)3] wurden als Katalysatoren für die Härtung von Epoxidharzen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen geprüft. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Verbindungen [π-C5H5Fe(CO)2R] (R = CH3, CH2C6H5) und [π-C5H5Mo(CO)3CH3] wirksame lichtempfindliche Beschleuniger für die Anhydridhärtung von Expoxidharzen sind. Der Aktivierungsmechanismus wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Compounds of the types [π-C5H5M(CO)nX] (M = Fe, n = 2; M = Mo, n = 3; X = CH3, CH2C6H5, CH2Si(CH3)3, CH2OCH3, Sn(C6H5)3, SnCl3, HgCl, I), [Mn(CO)5CH3], and [(π-CH3C5H4)Mn(CO)3] have been examined as catalysts for the cure of epoxy resins under various conditions. It was found that the compounds [π-C5H5Fe(CO)2R] (R = CH3, CH2C6H5) and [π-C5H5Mo(CO)3CH3] are active photosensitizing agents for the anhydride cure of certain epoxy resins. The mechanism of the process is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1976.050500102
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paramagnetic shifts induced by europium and praseodymium chelates in the NMR spectrum of bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 27 (1972), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde eine Voruntersuchung des Einflusses unternommen, den die Verschiebereagenzien Tris-(dipivaloylmethano)-europium uncl Tris-(dipivaloylmethano)-pra-seodym auf das NMR-Spektrum des Diglyzidyläthers des Bisphenol A ausüben. Es ergab sich, daß die Signale der am Epoxidring anliegenden Protonen durch den Zusatz dieser Chelate weit mehr als die Signale der exozyklischen -OCH2-Gruppen verschoben werden. Die Verschiebung kann man durch den Zusatz eines Alkohols rückgängig machen, der vorzugsweise mit dem Verschiebemittel reagiert.
    Notes: A preliminary study has been made of the effects of the shift reagents Eu (DPM)3 and Pr(DPM)3 on the NMR spectrum of Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (I). Protons attached to the epoxy ring were observed to shift appreciably more than protons of the exocyclic —OCH2— group, on addition of these chelates. The shifts could be reversed by addition of an alcohol, which interacted preferentially with the shift reagent.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1972.050270111
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