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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Encapsulation of Hb into unsaturated lipid vesicles and γ-ray polymerization (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 3 (1992), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Lipid vesicle ; Hemoglobin ; Encapsulation ; γ-Ray polymerization ; Blood substitute ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A carbonyl hemoglobin (HbCO) solution was stirred with a mixed powder of polymerizable 1,2-bis(2,4-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DODPC), cholesterol and stearic acid (7/7/2 by mol). The mixture was extruded through polycarbonate membrane filters (final pore size = 0.2 μm Ø). The average diameter of the resulting vesicles was 203 ± 39 nm. The [Hb]/[Lipid] ratio (the weight ratio of Hb in vesicle to lipid) increased with the Hb concentration, and decreased with the NaCl concentration. A maximum [Hb]/[lipid] ratio was observed at pH 6.9, which was the same as the isoelectric point of Hb. The vesicles were stabilized by γ-irradiation (60Co) because the bilayer lipids bound each other to yield polyphospholipids. Denaturation of Hb by γ-irradiation was not detected. These polyphospholipid vesicles encapsulating Hb were stable even against the freeze-thaw cycles and the freeze-drying procedure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1992.220030704
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen-binding property of hemoglobin films (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 5 (1994), S. 385-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Hemoglobin ; Film ; Methemoglobin ; Maltose ; Dehydration ; Oxygen binding ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin films were obtained by drying corresponding hemoglobin solutions with maltose (≧0.3 M). The resulting hemoglobin films were homogeneous and smooth, and the methemoglobin formation in the oxyhemoglobin film was well suppressed. The dry, rigid networks of maltose molecules work to preserve the conformation of hemoglobin against the removal of water. The coordination of oxygen to the deoxygenated hemoglobin film was slow and saturated up to 50%, while nearly 100% saturation was achieved if the film contained a residual moisture of 8.7%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1994.220050704
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of dehydrated powder of hemoglobin vesicles (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 3 (1992), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Hemoglobin ; Vesicles ; Polymerized lipids ; Saccharides ; Freeze-drying ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The carbonyl hemoglobin (CO-Hb), which was used to prevent denaturation (metHb) during the preparation of samples, was encapsulated into lipid vesicles constituted from unsaturated phospholipid, cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acid. Unsaturated components were polymerized by γ-irradiation to enhance the stability of bilayer membrane. An aqueous dispersion of resulting Hb vesicles was freeze-dried in the presence of saccharides (50-200 mM) to obtain a dehydrated powder of Hb vesicles. Change in the vesicle size, the leakage of encapsulated Hb and the oxidation of Hb to metHb were not observed. Therefore, the long-term storage of Hb vesicles can be realized as a dry powder.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1992.220030103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of oxygen-carrying capacity of artificial red cells (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 4 (1993), S. 8-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Hemoglobin ; Vesicles ; Oxygen affinity ; Allosteric effectors ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The oxygen-carrying capacity of artificial red cells (ARC), which were prepared by encapsulating hemoglobin (Hb) into polymerized lipid vesicles, has been investigated in detail. It was found that the effects of inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) on the oxygen affinity of stromafree Hb and ARC are quite different. By co-encapsulating IHP at a IHP:Hb molar ratio of 1.0, the oxygen affinity of the encapsulated Hb in ARC was decreased to such an extent that P50 was about 60-65 mmHg, and only about 70-80% of the encapsulated Hb could be oxygenated at an oxygen partial pressure (Po2) of about 100 mmHg. As pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) and chloride ions were coencapsulated instead of IHP, P50 and the Hill coefficient of the obtained ARC were adjusted to 25-30 mmHg and 2.5-2.8 respectively. The oxygen-transporting efficiency of PLP-modulated ARC was similar to or better than that of red blood cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1993.220040102
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