Publication Date:
2022-05-27
Description:
© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Lowenstein, D. P., Mayers, K., Fredricks, H. F., & Van Mooy, B. A. S. Targeted and untargeted lipidomic analysis of haptophyte cultures reveals novel and divergent nutrient-stress adaptations. Organic Geochemistry, 161, (2021): 104315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104315.
Description:
Lipids comprise a significant, highly plastic proportion of the biomass in haptophytes, a ubiquitous, globally significant, and genetically diverse clade of photosynthetic microalgae. Recent studies have investigated the cellular lipidomes of disparate, individual species of haptophytes under nutrient-replete and nutrient-limited conditions, but have not investigated how lipidomes vary across the larger evolutionary clade or its ecological functional groups. We cultured eight species of haptophytes, including five strains of Emiliania huxleyi, for analysis via high performance liquid chromatography–high resolution accurate mass–mass spectrometry (HPLC–HRAM–MS), and performed untargeted computational and hierarchical cluster analyses on their lipidomes. We identified similarities and differences in lipidomes along both evolutionary and ecological lines, and identified potential biomarkers for haptophyte sub-clades, including 38 glycosphingolipids, seven betaine-like lipids, and three phosphatidyl-S,S-dimethylpropanethiol (PDPT) sulfo-phospholipids. We also provide the first evidence for the glycolipid, glucuronosyldiacylglycerol, in eukaryotic microalgae. We conducted a more targeted study of four haptophyte species under nitrogen- and phosphorus-limited conditions to investigate their lipidomic responses to nutrient stress. Under N- and P-limitation, the species exhibited disparate lipidomic responses. Uniquely, in response to N-limitation, E. huxleyi CCMP 374 heavily upregulated PDPT from 3.6 ± 0.9% to 10.4 ± 1.5% of quantified polar lipids. These previously uncharacterized lipidomes and responses to nutrient limitation reflect divergent evolutionary strategies and challenge popular phenotypic extrapolations between species.
Description:
This work was funded by a grant to B.A.S.V.M. from the Simons Foundation (#721229) and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (#5703). Support was also provided through grants to B.A.S.V.M. from the National Science Foundation (#17562524 and #2022597). Support for K.M. was provided by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council in the form of a SPITFIRE Doctoral Training Partnership (# NE/L002531/1).
Keywords:
Betaine lipids
;
Coccolithophore
;
Haptophyte
;
Polar lipids
;
Nutrient limitation
;
Phospholipids
;
Phytoplankton
;
Triacylglycerols
Repository Name:
Woods Hole Open Access Server
Type:
Article
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