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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrate selection by juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): effects of predation risk (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 93 (1993), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Substrate selection ; Habitat ; Atlantic cod ; Predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Although predator avoidance has been proposed as one possible factor influencing the distribution of fish among substrate types, no study has addressed this question directly. Groups of juvenile Atlantic cod were offered a choice between pairs of the following three substrates: sand, gravel-pebble and cobble. Their distribution on these substrates was compared prior to, during and following exposure to a predator (i.e. a larger conspecific). With no apparent risk of predation, juvenile cod preferred sand or gravel-pebble. When cobble was present, juveniles hid in the interstitial spaces of this substrate in the presence of a predator. With no cobble present, juveniles showed no preference between sand and gravel-pebble, and did not seek refuge from predation in association with these substrates. Following exposure to a predator (i.e. 2.5 h later) larger juvenile cod again showed a preference for the finer-grained substrates, but smaller individuals continued to associated with the cobble. The presence of cobble resulted in fewer juveniles being captured and a significant increase in the latency until the first juvenile was captured by the predator. Results are discussed with respect to the effects of predation on the distribution and survival of fishes among substrate types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321187
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The adaptive significance of behavioural ontogeny in some. centrarchid fishes (1985)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 13 (1985), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Behaviour development ; Life-history ; Feeding ; Predator-avoidance ; Social Behaviour ; Sunfish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Studies on the ontogeny of behaviour in fish have seldom considered the adaptive significance of the order of appearance of the behaviours. Results of laboratory studies and field observations on the ontogeny of feeding, predator-avoidance, and agonistic behaviour in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris, and pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus, young indicate that the order of appearance of the various behavioural systems enhances the survival of the young. In the laboratory, all species spend significantly more time feeding during the first weeks of free-swimming than the later weeks. During a corresponding period in the field the young are either occupying an offshore area low in predators (rock bass, pumpkinseed) or are being guarded by a parent (largemouth bass); thus the risk of predation is low. When the young are in a predator-rich environment (inshore) both the predator-avoidance response and agonistic behaviour are well developed. Agonistic behaviour is the last to appear and may serve to disperse the young. Dispersal may relate to the feeding mode of the various species and may also reduce the probability of predation. It is apparent that the sequential onsets of the behavioural systems are in concert with ecological events and selective pressures confronting centarchid young.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004853
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