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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Gracilaria gracilis farming was conducted in the Bizerte lagoon (North of Tunisia) at two depths (0.5 and 2.5 m) using various initial fragment weights (5, 20, and 40 g) in order to investigate the alga growth, agar yield, and quality. IR spectra of agar were performed in comparison to the commercial one. Moreover, the proximate biochemical composition of seaweeds was investigated. The results showed that the highest daily growth rate and agar yield were recorded at 0.5 m, using 5 g as initial fragment weight (5.98 ± 1.98% day−1, 14.87 ± 1.91% dw, respectively). Maximum gel strength was 356.67 ± 15.25 g cm−2 at 2.5 m using an initial weight of 20 g. Gelling and melting temperatures varied from 34.33 ± 0.57 to 35.50 ± 0.57 °C and from 77.00 ± 1.00 to 85.00 ± 0.50 °C, respectively. IR analysis revealed that some spectra were similar, while others were different. The highest dry matter (22.68 ± 1.77%) and ash content (35.25 ± 0.02% of dw) were recorded at 2.5 m, using initial weights of 20 and 5 g, respectively. The maximum carbohydrate and the crude protein contentswere obtained at 0.5m, using 5 g as initialweight (9.52 ± 0.36 and 5.83 ± 0.7% dw, respectively). The highest R-phycoerythrin content was recorded at 0.5m(0.050 ± 0.007 mg g−1 dw), while the maximum of total lipid content was recorded at 2.5 m with initial weight of 5 g (3.58 ± 0.63% dw). Our findings indicated that growth and biochemical composition of G. gracilis depend on the depth and initial fragment weights.
    Description: In Press
    Keywords: Gracilaria gracilis ; Red seaweed ; Culture ; Agar ; IR spectroscopy ; Biochemical composition
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp. 2499–2512
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Functional monomers ; Polymerization ; Copolymerization ; Kinetic studies ; Reactivity ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 1-Cyanoethanoyl-4-acryloylthiosemicarbazide (CEATS) was synthesized for the first time as a new chelating monomer. Its structure was confirmed by both elemental and spectral analyses. Radical polymerization and copolymerization of CEATS was been carried out in dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. Kinetic studies for the polymerization behavior of CEATS were performed. The complex formation of the CEATS monomer and polymer (PCEATS) with Cu II cation was investigated and its stability constant determined. The rate of copolymerization of CEATS with some conventional monomers, namely vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile, was measured as a function of the mole fraction of the monomers. The reactivity ratios (r1, r2) for the various copolymer systems investigated together with the Q and e values of the CEATS monomer were determined. Moreover, the thermal gravimetric analysis of the prepared polymers and their copolymers with acrylonitrile were also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present study aims to investigate the effects of irradiance and salinity on the growth and agar yield in early stages of development of carposporelings and young tetrasporophytes of Gracilaria gracilis in the laboratory conditions. Three levels of irradiance, photoperiod and salinity were tested. The results showed that the highest growth in basal disc of carposporelings was recorded at 8:16h light/dark, 60 μmol photons m-²s-1, and a salinity of 40 psu after four weeks of culture. The optimal percentage of erect fronds occurred at 16:8 h light/dark, 32 μmol photons.m-² s-1 and a salinity of 30 psu .The highest weight (about 6000mg) of juvenile tetrasporophytes was recorded at 40psu after 228 culture days. The maximum of length was also obtained at 40 psu at the end of the study. The best agar yield was recorded at 8:16 h light/ dark and a salinity of 20 psu. This study proved that Gracilaria may be cultivated using spores in order to obtain mature plants and then extract useful compounds such as agar.
    Description: Cette étude a été réalisée sur les carpospores et les petites plantules (tétrasporophytes juvéniles) qui en sont issues de la rhodophycée Gracilaria gracilis de la lagune de Bizerte. Elle a pour objectif de tester l’effet de trois intensités lumineuses, photopériodes et salinités sur la croissance et le rendement en agar-agar. Les résultats montrent que la croissance la plus importante des carpospores a été enregistrée sous une intensité lumineuse de 60 μ mol photons m-2s-1, une photopériode de 8 :16 h et une salinité de 40 psu (260 ± 64.48 μm) après quatre semaines de culture. Le pourcentage le plus élevé (100 %) des frondes érigées a été obtenu en fin de culture sous 32 μ mol photons m-2s- 1, une photopériode 16 : 8 h et une salinité de 30 psu. Le poids le plus élevé (environ 6000 mg) des petites plantules issues des carpospores a été enregistré après 228 jours de culture à 40 psu. La longueur maximale (16.25 ± 0.36 cm) a également été obtenue à une salinité de 40 psu. Le rendement en agar-agar a atteint 30.75 ±7.15 % du poids sec de l’algue avec les valeurs les plus faibles d’intensité lumineuse, de photopériode et de salinité. Cette étude a mis en évidence la possibilité de culture de Gracilaria à partir des spores afin d’obtenir des plantes adultes et d’en extraire par la suite des substances d’intérêt tel que l’agar-agar.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Gracilaria gracilis ; Growth ; Carposporelings ; Tetrasporophytes ; Irradiance ; Salinity ; Agar
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.141-150
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Ce travail a porté sur la culture au laboratoire de carpospores et de tétraspores issues de deux algues rouges : Gracilaria gracilis et G. bursa-pastoris de la lagune de Bizerte. Différentes conditions d’intensité lumineuse et de photopériodes ont été testées. Les résultats ont montré que la meilleure croissance des carpospores a été enregistrée sous la photopériode de 8/16 et une intensité lumineuse de 2000 lux et ceci pour les deux espèces. Pour les tétraspores, l’optimum de croissance a eu lieu à la même photopériode mais à 3600Lux pour Gracilaria gracilis et 2000 Lux pour G. bursa-pastoris. Ces résultats montrent certaines convergences vis-à-vis de leurs exigences en lumière mais aussi certaines divergences dont on devrait en tenir compte dans le futur pour cultiver les deux espèces à une plus grande échelle.
    Description: This study has been carried out on the carpospores and tetraspores of the two seaweeds Gracilaria gracilis and G. bursa-pastoris collected in theBizerte lagoon . Both types of spores were cultivated in laboratory conditions. Different irradiation levels and light / dark cycles were tested. The results showed that the highest growth of carpospores was recorded at 8:16 light/ dark cycle and 2000 Lux. While the best growth of tetraspores was obtained at 3600 Lux in G. gracilis and 2000 Lux in G. bursa-pastoris, the two at 8:16 photoperiod. These results showed some slight similarity of the two species but in the same time some differences in irradiance requirements. These differences are very important to take into account for the future cultures in a large scale.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Gracilaria gracilis ; Carpospores ; Culture ; Tétraspores ; G. bursa-pastoris
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.89-99
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-10-28
    Description: Cette étude réalisée sur l’algue rouge Gracilaria gracilis de la lagune de Bizerte a pour objectif la recherche des facteurs les plus influents (avec et sans alcool : le 2-propanol) sur le rendement et la qualité de l’agar, en appliquant la méthodologie des plans d’expériences. Les facteurs étudiés sont en nombre de sept : la concentration de l’alcool (2-propanol), l’acide sulfurique( H2 SO4 ), la soude (NaOH), le temps d’action de chacun et finalement la concentration de l’eau de javel. Les résultats ont montré que le rendement optimum en agar (36,4 %) a été obtenu avec une concentration de 2 % de 2-propanol. Les forces de gel, maximale (385 g/cm2 ) et minimale (35 g/cm2 ) ont été enregistrées respectivement avec 10 % et 2 % de 2-propanol. Le point de gélification a varié entre 21°C et 35°C. Quant au point de fusion, il a fluctué entre 69°C et 95°C. Cette étude a mis en évidence l’effet positif de l’ajout du 2-propanol sur les résultats obtenus concernant le rendement et la qualité du phycocolloide extrait.
    Description: This study aims at searching the influent factors (with or without the alcohol 2, propanol) on agar yield and quality of the red alga Gracilaria gracilis of Bizerte Lagoon. Seven factors were studied: the concentration and the action time of each of the alcohol (2-propanol), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), soda (NaOH) and finally the concentration of bleach. Results showed that the highest agar yield (36.4 % dry weight) was recorded using a concentration of 2% of 2-propanol. The highest (385 g/cm2 ) and lowest (35 g/cm2 ) gel strength were obtained using 10% and 2% of 2-propanol, respectively. Gelling temperature ranged from 21°C to 35°C. Melting temperature varied from 69°C and 95 °C. This study has depicted the positive effect of the 2-propanol on agar yield and rheological properties of agar from G. gracilis
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Gracilaria gracilis ; facteurs influents ; agar-agar ; 2-propanol ; rheology ; quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: 147-158
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-10-29
    Description: Une importante faune associée à l’algue rouge Gracilaria gracilis cultivée dans la lagune de Bizerte a été observée. Ce travail qui représente une première étude de la faune associée à l’algue a pour objectif d’étudier la structure et l’interaction de cette faune en fonction de sa biomasse et sa composition biochimique, afin d’établir une stratégie pour sa récolte dans le futur. Le taux de croissance spécifique (TCS) est de 5,60 ±0,60% j-1 ; 3,29±0,50 et 2,55±0,60 % j-1 pour les mois d’avril, mai et juin respectivement et une moyenne durant toute la période de 3,81±0,60%j-1. La quantité de sucre soluble est de 35,42±11,85% j-1 ; 48,86±9,16 % et 34,12±8,47 % pour les mois d’Avril, Mai et Juin respectivement et une moyenne durant toute la période de 39,46±9,92 %. La quantité de protéines est de 21,96±5,15%; 18,56±1,90 % et 21,90±1,74 % pour les mois d’avril, mai et juin respectivement et une moyenne durant toute la période de 20,81±2,92 %. Au total, nous avons trouvé six groupes zoologiques qui sont les crustacés amphipodes, les crustacés isopodes, les mollusques, les cnidaires, les annélides polychètes et les échinodermes. Les classes dominantes sont les amphipodes et les isopodes dont l’espèce Idotea balthica est la plus dominante durant la période de culture. L'abondance de l’isopode (Idotea balthica) est positivement corrélée aux différentes réponses étudiées (TCS , protéines et R-phycoérythrine). En conclusions, pour une exploitation durable de la culture de G. gracilis, en se basant sur l’adéquation entre le TCS, la composition biochimique et la faune associée (nombre d’individus et types d’espèces), nous proposons de commencer la culture au mois de mars et de faire la récolte, selon un plan déterminé, à la fin du mois de mai.
    Description: An important fauna associated with the red algae Gracilaria gracilis grown in the Bizerte lagoon has been observed. This work represents the first study of algae-associated wildlife in this lagoon, which aims to study the structure and interaction of this fauna based on its biomass and biochemical composition, in order to establish a strategy for its harvest in the future. The daily growth rate (DGR) is 5.60 ± 0.94% j-1; 3.29 ± 0.70 and 2.55 ± 0.16% j-1 for the months of April, May and June respectively and an average throughout the period of 3.05 ± 0.78%j-1. The amount of soluble sugar is 35.42 ±11.85% j-1; 48.86 ± 9.16% and 34.12 ± 8.74% for the months of April, May and June respectively and an average throughout the period of 39.47 ± 9.92%. The amount of protein is 21.96 ± 5.15; 18.56 ± 1.90% and 21.90 ± 1.74% for the months of April, May and June respectively and an average throughout the period of 20.81 ± 2.93%. In total, we found six zoological groups that are amphipod crustaceans, isopod crustaceans, molluscs, cnidarians, polychaete annelids and echinoderms. The dominant classes are amphipods and isopods, of which the species Idotea balthica is the most dominant during the growing period. The abundance of isopod (Idotea balthica) is positively correlated with the various responses studied (DGR, agar, proteins and R-phycoerythrin). In conclusion, for a sustainable exploitation of the cultivation of G. gracilis, based on the adequacy between DGR, biochemical composition and associated fauna (number of individuals and species types), we propose to start G.gracilis culture in later March and the harvest, according to a certain strategy, at the end of May.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Gracilaria gracilis ; Croissance ; Composition biochimique ; Faune associée ; ’algue rouge
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: 123-138
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