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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmoregulatory active sodium-glycerol co-transport in the halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Halotolerance ; osmoregulation ; glycerol-sodium symport ; glycerol-potassium symport ; sodium-proton exchange ; Debaryomyces hansenii ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Several authors have shown that the halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii, when growing exponentially in glucose medium in the presence of sodium chloride, maintains osmotic balance by establishing sodium and glycerol gradients of opposite signs across the plasma membrane. Evidence is presented here that the two gradients are linked through a sodium-glycerol symport that uses the sodium gradient as a driving force for maintaining the glycerol gradient. The symporter also accepts potassium ions as co-substrate. The kinetic parameters at 25°C, pH 5·0 were the following: Vmax, decreasing from over 500 to less than 40 μmol g-1 per h over a concentration range of 0-3 M extracellular sodium chloride; Km (glycerol) 0·40-0·6 mM over the same range; Km (sodium ions) 16·0 ± 3·21μM; Km, (potassium ions) 10·4 ± 3·6μM. Furthermore, it was observed that glycerol uptake was accompanied by proton uptake when extracellular sodium chloride was present and that the protonophore carbonylcyanide-M-chlorophenylhydrazone induced collapse of the glycerol gradient, supporting earlier proposals by others that the sodium gradient is maintained by an active sodium-proton exchange mechanism.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060303
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribosomal DNA spacer probes for yeast identification: Studies in the genus Metschnikowia (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: rDNA spacer probes ; rapid yeast identification ; Metschnikowia reukaufii ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To test whether DNA probes derived from ribosomal DNA spacer sequences are suitable for rapid and species-specific yeast identification, a pilot study was undertaken. A 7·7 kb entire ribosomal DNA unit of the type strain of Metschnikowia reukaufii was isolated, cloned and mapped. A 0·65 kb BamHI-HpaI fragment containing nontranscribed spacer sequences was amplified and selected for testing as a 32P hybridization probe with total DNA from the type strains of M. reukaufii, M. pulcherrima, M. lunata, M. bicuspidata, M. australis, M. zobellii, M. krissii, five other strains identified as M. reukaufii and strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Hansenula canadensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica. The probe hybridized exclsively with DNA from the type strain and four other strains of M. reukaufii. DNA from one strain labelled M. reukaufii did not hybridize with the probe. Subsequent % G+C comparison and DNA-DNA reassociation with the type strain revealed that the non-hybridizing strain does not belong to the species M. reukaufii.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070210
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of lactic acid in Kluyveromyces marxianus: Evidence for a monocarboxylate uniport (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 775-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Kluyveromyces ; lactic acid ; transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lactic acid-grown cells of a strain of Kluyveromyces marxianus transported D-and L-lactic acid by a saturable mechanism that was partially inducible and subject to glucose repression, with the following kinetic parameters at pH 5·4: Vmax = 1·00 (±0·13) mmol h-1 per g dry weight and Ks = 0·42 (±0·08) mM. Lactic acid transport was competitively inhibited by pyruvic, glycolic, acetic and bromoacetic acids. The latter, a non-metabolizable analogue, was transiently accumulated, the extent depending on the extracellular pH. The pH dependence of the Ks values for undissociated lactic acid and for the lactate anion indicated that the latter was the transported species. Lactate uptake was not accompanied by the simulatate uptake of protons, potassium ions or sodium ions excluding symport mechanisms. Initial lactic acid uptake led to transient membrane hyperpolarization as measured with a fluorescent dye excluding also an electroneutral anion antiport mechanism. It was concluded that lactate anions use a monocarboxylate uniport and that the counter anion, possibly bicarbonate, uses a separate channel, the coupling being electrical and loose.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070803
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