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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient reduction in secreted 32 kD chitinase prevents somatic embryogenesis in the carrot (Daucus carota L.) variant ts11 (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 16 (1995), S. 332-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Somatic embryogenesis ; temperature-sensitive mutant ts11 ; chitinase ; carrot (Daucus carota L.) ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: At the nonpermissive temperature, somatic embryos of the temperature-sensitive (ts) carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell variant ts11 only proceed beyond the globular embryo stage in the presence of medium conditioned by wild-type cells. The causative component in the conditioned medium has been identified as an acidic 32 kD endochitinase. An antiserum raised against the 32 kD chitinase detected this protein in culture medium from ts11 embryo cultures grown at the permissive temperature as well as at the nonpermissive temperature. No difference in biochemical characteristics or in effect on ts11 embryo development could be detected between the 32 kD chitinase purified from wild-type cultures and the chitinase from ts11 cultures grown at the permissive or at the nonpermissive temperature. Compared to the amount present in a ts11 embryo culture at the permissive temperature, a reduction in the amount of 32 kD chitinase was observed during the temperature-sensitive period at the nonpermissive temperature. These results imply that the arrested embryo phenotype of ts11 is not the result of a structural difference in its 32 kD chitinase, but is the result of a transient decrease in the amount of 32 kD chitinase present. Morphological observations indicate that the ts11 phenotype is pleiotropic and also affects the cell wall of nonembryogenic cells. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020160406
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis banding patterns of DNA from yeasts (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 2 (1986), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Orthgonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis ; karyotyping ; ascomycetous yeasts ; basidiomycetous yeasts ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chromosomal DNAs from various yeast species were separated by orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis (OFAGE). To this end we developed a spheroplasting and lysis method to obtain intact DNA from both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts. The OFAGE banding patterns of 22 ascomycetous and four basidiomycetous yeast strains were compared. The strains represented species from the genera: Brettanomyces, Candida, Croococcus, Filobasidiella, Geotrichum, Hansenula, Kluyveromyces, Pachysolen, Pichia, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Saccharomycodes, Saccharomycopis, Schizosaccharomyces and Zygosaccharomyces. Variations occurred in the number of bands and their positions in the gel, not only among strains of different genera but also among species from the same genus and even between varieties of the same species. The ascomycetous yeasts, with the exeption of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, only showed one to five bands of DNA larger than 1000 kilobase pairs (kb) in general none smaller. The paterns of the four basidiomycetous yeasts revealed also a few large DNA bands but in addition one to six bands ranging in size from 500 to 1000 kb, with the exception of a single smaller chromosome in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. From the OFAGE banding patterns of strains studied here it appears that in Saach. cerevisiae the partitioning of DNA over chromosomes in unique. But rather than the large number of chromosomes, the presence of four chromosomes with less than 500 kb of DNA is characteristic for Sacch. cerevisiae.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320020307
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    During the initiation of fermentation overexpression of hexokinase PII in yeast transiently causes a similar deregulation of glycolysis as deletion of Tps1 (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 14 (1998), S. 255-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: hexokinase PII ; glycolysis ; Tps1 ; fermentation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae a novel control exerted by TPS1 (=GGS1=FDP1=BYP1=CIF1=GLC6=TSS1)-encoded trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, is essential for restriction of glucose influx into glycolysis apparently by inhibiting hexokinase activity in vivo. We show that up to 50-fold overexpression of hexokinase does not noticeably affect growth on glucose or fructose in wild-type cells. However, it causes higher levels of glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate and also faster accumulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during the initiation of fermentation. The levels of ATP and Pi correlated inversely with the higher sugar phosphate levels. In the first minutes after glucose addition, the metabolite pattern observed was intermediate between those of the tps1Δ mutant and the wild-type strain. Apparently, during the start-up of fermentation hexokinase is more rate-limiting in the first section of glycolysis than phosphofructokinase. We have developed a method to measure the free intracellular glucose level which is based on the simultaneous addition of d-glucose and an equal concentration of radiolabelled l-glucose. Since the latter is not transported, the free intracellular glucose level can be calculated as the difference between the total d-glucose measured (intracellular+periplasmic/extracellular) and the total l-glucose measured (periplasmic/extracellular). The intracellular glucose level rose in 5 min after addition of 100 mm-glucose to 0·5-2 mm in the wild-type strain, ±10 mm in a hxk1Δ hxk2Δ glk1Δ and 2-3 mm in a tps1Δ strain. In the strains overexpressing hexokinase PII the level of free intracellular glucose was not reduced. Overexpression of hexokinase PII never produced a strong effect on the rate of ethanol production and glucose consumption. Our results show that overexpression of hexokinase does not cause the same phenotype as deletion of Tps1. However, it mimics it transiently during the initiation of fermentation. Afterwards, the Tps1-dependent control system is apparently able to restrict properly up to 50-fold higher hexokinase activity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chimeric genes and transgenic plants are used to study the regulation of genes involved in symbiotic plant-microbe interactions (nodulin genes) (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 182-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: nodulins ; leghemoglobin ; glutamine synthetase ; Enod2 ; cis-acting elements ; transacting factors ; Agrobacterium turnefaciens ; A. rhizogenes ; binary vectors ; plant transformation ; chimeric genes ; chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ; glucuronidase ; cytokinin induction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Nodulin genes are plant genes specifically activated during the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on leguminous plants. These genes are interesting to study since they are not only induced in a specific developmental fashion by signals coming directly or indirectly from the rhizobial symbiont, but are also expressed in a tissue-specific manner. By examining the expression of chimeric nodulin-reporter genes in transgenic legume plants it has been shown that nodule specific expression is mediated by DNA sequences present in the 5′upstream region of several nodulin genes. Here we summarize the available data on these cis-acting elements and the trans-acting factors interacting with them. We also review experiments designed to identify rhizobial “signals” which may play a role in nodule specific gene expression.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110304
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paraquat resistance and starvation conditions in the selection for longevity extremes in drosophila melanogaster populations previously selected for long and short developmental period (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 17 (1995), S. 352-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Aging ; developmental time ; starvation ; paraquat resistance ; sex influence ; longevity ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This paper analyzes the interaction between resistance to free radicals, development under starvation conditions, sex, and its consequences to the lifespan of Drosophila mela-nogaster populations selected for developmental time and longevity. Our data suggest that the interaction between these physiological and environmental parameters is modulated largely by the pre-imaginal developmental time, since the response to selection for longevity extremes depends strongly on the previous selection for developmental time extremes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020170408
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory rearrangements and smg-sensitive allels of the C. elegans sex-determining gene tra-1 (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 15 (1994), S. 240-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Sex determination ; zinc fingers ; C elegans ; smg mutations ; tra-1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The tra-1 gene is the terminal regulator in the sex determination pathway in C. elegans, directing all aspects of somatic sexual differentiation. Recessive loss-of-function (If) mutations in tra-1 masculinize XX animals (normally somatically female), while dominant gain-of-function mutations feminize XO animals (normally male). Most tra-1(If) mutations can be fitted into a simple allelic series of somatic masculinization, but a small number of If alleles do not fit into this series. Here we show that three of these mutations are associated with DNA rearrangements 5′ to the coding region. One allele is an inversion that may be subject to a position effect. We also report the isolation of a new class of tra-1 alleles that are responsive to mutations in the smg system of RNA surveillance. We show that two of these express RNAs of aberrant size. We suggest that the smg-sensitive mutations may identify a carboxy-terminal domain required for negative regulation of tra-1 activity. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020150306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex-, tissue-, and stage-specific expression of a vitelline membrane protein gene from region 32 of the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 10 (1989), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Oogenesis ; Eggshell ; Gene family ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study isolated cDNA clones from egg-chamber and adult female Drosophila cDNA libraries using as probe a DNA fragment from a 200-kb “chromosome walk” in region 32E of the second chromosome of D. melanogaster. The present authors believe that these clones correspond to a new vitelline membrane protein (VMP) gene because (1) cDNA clones in Northern blots identify a transcript expressed in a tissue- and stage-specific manner: stage 10 egg-chambers; (2) the sequence of cDNAs and of the genomic subclone shows homology with the other VMP genes that have been identified to date; (3) the amino acid composition of the translational product has the high content of proline and alanine characteristic of VMPs. Two aspects emerging from this study are worth stressing: (1) the presence of a hydrophobic domain that is highly conserved in all the VMP genes; and (2) the particularly narrow period of expression of the isolated gene, which could be related to the mechanism of vitelline membrane assembly.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020100106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcoholic fermentation by ‘non-fermentative’ yeastsCentraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Yeast Division, Delft, The NetherlandsDedicated to Dr Nelly J. W. Kreger-van Rij. (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 2 (1986), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeasts ; fermentation ; ethanol ; Durham tube test ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: All type strains of ‘non-fermentative’ yeasts, available in the culture collection of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, were reinvestigated for their capacity to ferment glucose in the classical Durham tube test. Although visible gas production was absent, nearly all strains produced significant amounts of ethanol under the test conditions. Under conditions of oxygen-limited growth, even strong alcoholic fermentation may occur in a number of yeasts hitherto considered as non-fermentative. Thus, shake-flask cultures of Hansenula nonfermentans and Candida silvae fermented more than half of the available sugar to ethanol. It is concluded that the taxonomic test for fermentation capacity, which relies on detection of gas formation in Durham tubes, is not reliable for a physiological classification of yeasts as fermentative and non-fermentative species.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320020208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The glucanase-soluble mannoproteins limit cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 491-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cell wall porosity ; permeability ; mannan ; cell wall composition ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cell porosity of batch-grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae was maximal in the early exponential phase and fell off rapidly to lower levels in later growth phases.Treatment of stationary-phase cells with alpha-mannosidase restored wall porosity to the level of cells in early exponential phase. When cells in the early exponential phase were treated with alpha-mannosidase, or tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation, even higher porosities were obtained. Mutants with truncated mannan side-chains in their wall proteins also had very porous walls. The importance of the mannan side-chains for wall porosity was also seen during sexual induction. Treatment with alpha pheromone, which leads to the formation of wall proteins with shorter mannan side-chains, enhanced wall porosity.Disulphide bridges also affect cell wall porosity. They were predominantly found in the glucanase-soluble wall proteins. Because the main part of the mannan side-chains is also found in this family of wall proteins, our results demonstrate that the glucanase-soluble mannoproteins limit cell wall porosity in yeast.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060606
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assay of relative cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 6 (1990), S. 483-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cell wall porosity ; permeability ; polycation assay ; cell wall structure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have developed a new assay to determine relative cell wall porosity in yeasts, which is based on polycation-induced leakage of UV-absorbing compounds. Polycations with a small hydrodynamic radius as measured by gel filtration (poly-L-lysine) caused cell leakage independent of cell wall porosity whereas polycations with a large hydrodynamic radius (DEAE-dextrans) caused only limited cell leakage due to limited passage through the cell wall. This allowed the ratio between DEAE-dextran- and poly-L-lysine-induced cell leakage to be used as a measure of cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Using this assay, we found that the composition of the growth medium affected cell wall porosity in S. cerevisiae. In addition, we could show that cell wall porosity is limited by the number of disulphide bridges in the wall and is dependent on cell turgor. It is argued that earlier methods to estimate cell wall porosity in S. cerevisiae resulted in large underestimations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320060605
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