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  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: ab initio calculations ; conformation ; sigma conjugation ; matrix isolation ; oligosilanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infrared and ultraviolet spectra of the gauche and anti conformers of matrix-isolated permethyl-n-tetrasilane have been obtained separately by taking advantage of thermally induced gauche-to-anti conversion and of wavelength-selective photochemical destruction of either conformer. The resolved UV spectrum of the gauche conformer provides the first piece of experimental evidence in favor of the recently proposed reinterpretation of conformational effects on tetrasilane electronic states. According to this, it is not the energy but the intensity of the lowest singlet excitation that changes dramatically as the SiSiSiSi dihedral angle is varied, as a result of an avoided crossing between s̰s̰* and s̰π* states. Implications for the general understanding of sigma conjugation in simple terms are discussed. Unconstrained MP2/6-31 G* optimization predicts the existence of a third backbone conformer (ortho), with a dihedral angle of about 90°. Its predicted (HF/3-21 G*) mid-IR spectrum is indistinguishable from that of the gauche conformer, and the matrix-isolation spectra thus provide no evidence for or against its presence.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 97 (1985), S. 1005-1005 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Um die Struktur von Photoprodukten verstehen zu können, ist es wesentlich, diejenigen Geometrien zu kennen, bei denen Moleküle aus angeregten Zuständen in den Grundzustand (S0) zurückkehren. In Frage kommen dabei vor allem Geometrien, die lokalen Minima auf den Potentialhyperflächen der S1- (energieärmstes angeregtes Singulett) oder T1-Zustände (energieärmstes Triplett) oder konischen Durchschneidungen („Trichter“, „Funnels“) der Hyperflächen der S0- und S1-Zustände entsprechen. Obwohl für ausreichend kleine Moleküle derartige Geometrien heute bereits, wenn auch mit großem Aufwand, numerisch bestimmt werden können, wären qualitativere, damit aber zugleich allgemeinere Aussagen über diejenigen Geometrien photochemischer Systeme, bei denen sich die Hyperflächen der S0- und S1-Zustände nähern, von Interesse. Viele dieser Geometrien sind mit einem diradikaloiden Charakter des Systems verknüpft, so daß es sinnvoll ist, die Eigenschaften von Diradikalen und verwandten Spezies eingehender zu untersuchen. Nach einem Überblick über das Zweielektronen-Zweiorbitale-Modell für Moleküle mit Diradikaloid-Geometrien werden die Bedingungen für eine Berührung von S0- und S1-Hyperflächen formuliert. Gestützt werden die Ergebnisse des einfachen Modells durch die umfangreicher ab-initio-Konfigurationswechselwirkungs(CI)rechnungen für die Verdrillung von Ethylen im polarisierenden Feld einer positiven Ladung, für die Verdrillung um geladene Doppel-bindungen und um Einfachbindungen zwischen π-Donor und π-Acceptor, sowie durch die Ergebnisse ähnlicher Rechnungen für „push-pull“-substituierte Cyclobutadiene. In einigen Fällen werden nahezu entartete S0-, S1- und T1-Zustände vorhergesagt. Die naheliegenden Konsequenzen, die aus diesen Befunden für die mechanistische Beschreibung der cis-trans-Isomerisierung, der Bildung von TICT-Zuständen (Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer), der Protonentranslokation und - möglicherweise - des ersten Schritts beim Sehvorgang zu ziehen sind, werden zusammengefaßt. Darüber hinaus sind die Ergebnisse wichtig für das Verständnis der Regiospezifität von Singulett-Photocycloadditionen.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 25 (1986), S. 295-296 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 26 (1987), S. 170-189 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Free radicals ; Zwitterions ; Diradicals ; Quantum chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A knowledge of the geometries at which excited molecules return to the electronic ground state (S0) is essential for the understanding of the structures of photoproducts. Particularly good candidates are geometries corresponding to local minima on the S1 (lowest excited singlet) and T1(lowest triplet) surfaces, as well as S0-S1 conical intersections (funnels). Given sufficient effort, such geometries can nowadays be found numerically for small enough molecules. Still, it is interesting to ask whether more approximate, but also more general, statements can be made concerning the geometries at which the S0 and S1 surfaces closely approach each other. Since many of these are biradicaloid geometries, it is logical to examine the properties of biradicals and related species at some length. After reviewing the two-electron two-orbital model for molecules at biradicaloid geometries, we formulate the conditions under which the S0 and S1 surfaces touch. The results obtained for the simple model are supported by ab initio large-scale configuration interaction (CI) calculations for the twisting of ethylene in the polarizing field of a positive charge and for the twisting of charged double bonds and π-donor-to-π-acceptor single bonds, and by similar calculations for “push-pull” perturbed cyclobutadienes, some of which are predicted to have nearly degenerate S0, S1, and T1 states. The likely consequences of these results for the detailed description of the mechanisms of cis-trans isomerization, the formation of twisted internal charge-transfer (TICT) states, proton translocation, and possibly of the initial step in vision, as well as for the understanding of the regiospecificity of singlet photocycloaddition, are summarized.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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