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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1453-1459 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Group-5 bent metallocene cation complexes ; (Butadiene)tantalocene cation ; (s-trans-η4-Butadiene)metal complex ; Ethene polymerization ; Metallocenes ; Homogeneous catalysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (Butadiene)TaCp*Cl2 (6) was treated with CpNa to yield (η2-butadiene)TaCp*CpCl (7). Subsequent reaction with [Cp2ZrCH3+][CH3B(C6F5)3-] resulted in transfer of the chloride ligand from tantalum to zirconium with formation of the [(s-trans-η4-butadiene)TaCp*Cp]+ cation [8, with CH3B(C6F5)3- anion]. Complex 8 was characterized spectroscopically and by an X-ray crystal structure analysis. The group-5 [(s-trans-η4-C4H6)TaCp*Cp]+ bent metallocene cation complex 8 reacts with ketones (acetone, adamantanone) to yield the corresponding seven-membered 2-tantalatetrahydrooxepine cation complexes (9, 10). 1-Cyanoadamantane reacts with 8 to yield the 2-tantala-3,6-dihydro-2H-azepine cation system 11. Activation of 8 with methylalumoxane gives an active ethene polymerization catalyst.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Functionalized zirconocenes ; Half-sandwich complexes ; Hydroboration ; Propene polymerization/Homogeneous catalysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 6-Amino-6-methylfulvene has been coupled with benzoic acid by treatment with 7-azahydroxybenzotriazole and DCC. Subsequent two-fold deprotonation, at the NH and 6-methyl groups, generated the vinylidene-bridged Cp/benzoylamido ligand 5. Treatment of 5 with ZrCl4(THF)2 gave the spiro-metallocene complex 3a (characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis), while reaction of 5 with (Et2N)2ZrCl2(THF)2 yielded the bridged half-sandwich complex 3b. Treatment of 3a with two molar equivalents of the strongly electrophilic borane HB(C6F5)2 resulted in hydroboration of the exocyclic C=C double bond with concomitant intramolecular N-B adduct formation to yield the azaboretidine-type systems 7 (three diastereoisomers, one of which has been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis). Similarly, hydroboration of 3b with HB(C6F5)2 yielded the azaboretidine derivative 9. Activation of the complexes 7 and 9 with methylalumoxane led to active homogeneous Ziegler-type propene polymerization catalysts.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Metallaoxirane ; HBR2 addition ; (Formaldehyde)zirconocene ; (Butadiene)zirconocene ; Heterocycles ; Boron ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (η2-Formaldehyde)zirconocene dimer (8) cleanly adds one or two molar equivalents of the borane HB(C6F5)2 by insertion of the H-[B] unit into the zirconium-carbon bond of the metallaoxirane moieties to form the mono- and bis-insertion products 16 and 17, respectively. These systems contain five-membered heterocyclic rings that are built up by connecting five different elements, namely H, B, C, O, and Zr. The bis(borane) insertion product 17 was characterized by an X-ray crystal structure analysis. (Butadiene)zirconocene reacts with HB(C6F5)2 in a similar way by insertion of the H-[B] unit into the (butadiene)C4-Zr linkage to form the metallacycle 18.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Diene complexes ; η3-Cyclooctatetraene metal complex ; B(C6F5)3 addition ; Tantalum ; Bicyclo[5.1.0]octadienyl metal complex ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The [(η4-diene)(η5-RCp)TaCl2] complexes 6a-e (diene = butadiene, isoprene or 2,3-dimethylbutadiene; RCp = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, methylcyclopentadienyl or cyclopentadienyl) react with cyclooctatetraene dianion (employed as [(cot)Li2]) to yield the (η4-diene)(η3-cyclooctatetraene)(η5-RCp)tantalum complexes 7. The η3-cot coordination was confirmed by an X-ray crystal structure analysis of the compound [(supine-s-cis-η4-C4H6)(η3-cot)(η5-Cp*)Ta] 7a. In solution, the cot ligand of all the complexes 7 is fluxional. Two isomers [supine and proneorientation of the (diene)CpTa subunit] were found for the (η4-butadiene)(η3-cot)CpTa system (7e/7e′ = 95:5). Complex 7e cleanly adds the organometallic Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 to yield the betaine system [(η4-C4H6){C8H8B(C6F5)3}Cp*Ta] 8, which contains a substituted bicyclo[5.1.0]octadienyl ligand.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: isocyanates ; „Jordan′s cation“ ; metallocenes ; peptides ; zirconium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The organometallic cation [Cp2ZrCH3(thf)]+, employed as the tetraphenylborate salt (1), reacts cleanly in 1:1 stoichiometry with the isocyanates 2 derived from valine methyl ester or valylvaline methyl ester, respectively. In each case addition of the Zr-CH3 group to the isocyanate sp-carbon center is observed with formation of a functionalized zirconocene cation derivative containing a chelating N-metallated N-acetylvaline methyl ester (3a) or N-acetylvalylvaline methyl ester (3b) moiety, respectively, coordinated in the bent metallocene s̰-ligand plane. The spectroscopic data of 3, supported by an X-ray crystal structure analysis of the zirconated dipeptide derivative 3b, have revealed the presence of chelating (η1-O:η1-N)-coordination of the terminal N-acetyl groups in addition to a Zr-O=C interaction with the adjacent valyl amido group.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: enantioselective protonations ; kinetics ; quantum chemical calculations ; reductions ; voltammetry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cathodic reduction of 4-methylcoumarin (1) in acidic methanol/water in the presence of yohimbine leads to formation of a mixture of the hydrogenation product 4-methyl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin (2), with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of (R)-2 of 0-67%, and the hydrodimer 3. The relative yields of 2 and 3 and the ee of 2 depend on a number of experimental parameters such as pH, supporting electrolyte, working potential, and the concentrations of substrate and yohimbine, as demonstrated by a series of preparative-scale experiments. In addition, a series of voltammetric and kinetic measurements were carried out to investigate the influence of the individual experimental parameters. Three mechanistic possibilities have been examined, and by combination of the analytical data with the results of the preparative experiments, a single model is put forward which is in accord with the available results. The main features of the mechanistic model can be summarized as follows: 1) under acidic conditions (pH 2-3) the electroactive species is a complex between 1 and H3O+, the reduction of which leads to an enolic radical; 2) this radical is not reduced at the working potential but tautomerizes into the more easily reduced keto radical or dimerizes; 3) the keto radical is reduced and further protonated; 4) the function of the yohimbineH+ is to catalyze the tautomerization and enantioselectively protonate the final carbanion. Additionally, we conclude that the concentration of yohimbine in the immediate vicinity of the electrode is considerably higher than its stoichiometric concentration. Quantum chemical calculations demonstrate that si protonation of the intermediate anion by yohimbineH+ to give (R)-2 is energetically favored.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 551-558 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Planar-tetracoordinate carbon ; Zirconocene ; Acetylide complex ; Selective protonation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis(alkynyl)zirconocene and -hafnocene complexes 4 react with (butadiene)zirconocene or -hafnocene, respectively, to yield the binuclear σ,π-acetylide bridged complexes [(Cp2M)2(μ-C≡C-R)2] 7 (M = Zr, Hf; R = CH3, C2H5, or CH2Ph). The complexes 7 are selectively protonated upon treatment with N,N-dimethylanilinium tetraphenylborate or tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate to yield the dinuclear metallocene cation complexes [(Cp2M1)(μ-RCC1-H)(μ-C≡C-R)M2Cp2+] 13 (M1 = M2 = Zr, a-c; M1 = Zr, M2 = Hf, h; M1 = M2 = Hf, i) that contain a planar-tetracoordinate carbon atom (C1-H) bearing a hydrogen substituent. Complex 13a was characterized by X-ray diffraction. It reveals an agostic interaction of the C1-H moiety with the M2Cp2 unit. The planar-tetracoordinate carbon unit C1-H of 13a exhibits 13C/1H NMRchemical shifts of δ = 161.0 and -0.11 and a coupling constant of 1JCH = 103 Hz. Selective protonation of (μ-alkynyl)bis(group 4 metallocene) complexes containing other additional bridging ligands provides a rather general synthetic entry to planar-tetracoordinate carbon containing complexes of this type: [Cp2M1(μ-C≡C-CH3)(μ-Cl)M2Cp2] (10a-c, M1, M2 = Zr, Hf) and[Cp2M1(μ-C≡C-CH3)(μ-CH3)M2Cp2] (11a,b) selectively add a proton from [(HNMe2Ph)+(BAr4)-] at carbon atom C1 of the acetylide ligand to yield the corresponding “anti-van′t Hoff/LeBel complexes” [Cp2M1(μ-CH3CC1-H)(μ-X)M2Cp2+] (13d-g and k, X = Cl, CH3), respectively.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 889-895 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Zirconocene ; Metallocene cation ; Isonitrile insertion ; Isonitrile complex ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrozirconation of propyne followed by treatment with propynyllithium yields the (σ-propenyl)(σ-propynyl)zir-conocene complex 11. Its treatment with the organometallic Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 results in transfer of the σ-propynyl group from zirconium to boron followed by insertion of the alkynylborate triple bond into the zirconium carbon bond of the remaining metallaallyl cation to furnish the zirconocene-(μ-hydrocarbyl)borate betaine complex 14. This reacts with three molar equivalents of tert-butyl isocyanide to give 16. Complex 16 contains a five-membered carbocyclic ring, formed by carbon-carbon coupling of the former propenyl and propynyl groups with the C≡N-R reagent, to which a (η2-iminoacyl)(ĸ-tert-butyl isocyanide)zirconocene moiety is attached. Complex 16 was characterized by an X-ray crystal structure analysis.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: “Constrained-geometry” Ziegler catalysts ; Cp/amido zirconium complex ; 6-Aminofulvene deprotonation ; Ethene polymerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 6-Amino-6-methylfulvene (4) is cleanly N-acylated by treatment with pivaloylchloride/triethylamine to give the fulvene (C5H4)=C(CH3)NHCOCMe3 (5c). Treatment of 4 with trimethylchlorosilane similarly yields the mono-N-silylated fulvene (C5H4)=C(CH3)NHSiMe3 (7). Both 5c and 7 are cleanly doubly deprotonated e.g. by treatment with LDA to give ligand systems [(C5H4)C(=CH2)NR]Li2 [8a (R = COCMe3) and 8b (R = SiMe3), respectively]. Their treatment with MCl4 · 2 THF (M = Ti, Zr) yield the spiro-metallocenes [(C5H4)C(=CH2)NR]2M (9, 10). Complex 10a (M = Zr, R = COCMe3) was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The reaction of 8a with (Et2N)2ZrCl2 in THF gives rise to the formation of [(C5H4)C(=CH2)NCOCMe3]Zr(NEt2)2 (11) (70 % isolated), and the reaction of 8b with (Et2N)2ZrCl2 yields [(C5H4)C(=CH2)NSiMe3]Zr(NEt2)2 (12) (76 % isolated). Treatment of complex 12 with an excess of methylalumoxane (MAO) in toluene solution results in the generation of an active homogeneous Ziegler catalyst for the polymerization of ethene. A comparison with the usually employed [(Me5C4)SiMe2NCMe3]ZrCl2/MAO “constrained-geometry” Ziegler catalyst system reveals a similar catalyst activity and performance of this novel type of a C1-bridged “constrained-geometry” catalyst as it is exemplified by the [(C5H4)C(=CH2)NSiMe3]ZrX2 (12)/MAO combination.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 1623-1629 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: (1-Alkynyl)carbene complexes ; Pyrroles ; Imines ; Mesoionic compounds ; Tungsten complexes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of the [(1-alkynyl)carbene]tungsten complex (CO)5W=C(OEt)C≡CPh (1a) with non-enolizable imines, e.g. 9-fluorenone imines 2 [NR = N(iPr), N(c-C6H11)], affords novel mesoionic pyrrolium carbonyltungstates 3 (by [3+2] cycloaddition) together with dihydropyrroles 4 (by dichotomy of the C=N bond and subsequent insertion of the carbene carbon atom into an NC-H bond). Cross-conjugated azametallatrienes 6 and pentacarbonyltungsten complexes 7 of the dihydropyrroles 4 have been identified to be precursors to compound 4. Compounds 3b, 4a, and 6a have been characterized by X-ray crystal structure analyses.
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