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  • 1
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    Genetic differentiation and estimated levels of gene flow in members of the Gammarus pulex-group (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in western Europe (1990)
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 60 no. 1, pp. 3-29
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Genetic differentiation of morphologically variable members of the G. pulex-group in northwestern Europe was investigated by electrophoresis at 20 enzyme loci. Five recently described related forms were examined with reference to the \xe2\x80\x9cclassical\xe2\x80\x9d species G. pulex, G. wautieri and G. fossarum. G. pulex and G. wautieri were shown to be genetically homogeneous and clearly distinct species. In the other species, morphologically similar forms were shown to be genetically distant, and inter-areal intraspecific genetic differentiation may warrant recognition of subspecies or sibling species. In some cases, levels of reproductive isolation of the forms involved could be assessed by cross-breeding experiments. To estimate dispersal capabilities, gene flow levels were indirectly estimated from gene frequency data. Gene flow levels are generally low and fluctuating population sizes may enhance the occurrence of stochastic processes. Dendrograms derived from genetic distances were compared with zoogeographical and paleoclimatological evidence. The distribution areas of the species involved correspond to patterns predicted by these data.
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; Distribution ; Population structure ; Intra-specific divergence ; Gammarus
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Genetic differentiation, origin and dispersal of Gammarus gauthieri from the Iberian peninsula and North Africa (Crustacea, Amphipoda) (1990)
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 60 no. 1, pp. 31-49
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Genetic differentiation among population samples of G. gauthieri on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar was investigated by enzyme electrophoresis at 20 enzyme loci with reference to G. gauthieri and G. ibericus from different areas in the Iberian peninsula.\nLevels of divergence resolved suggest that G. gauthieri reached North Africa from the Iberian peninsula, and not vice versa. With reference to geological evidence, this was likely to occur during the Messinian (6\xe2\x80\x945 My ago). As the opening of the Strait of Gibraltar represents a well dated geological event, an attempt has been made to calibrate the molecular clock for the G. pulex-group.\nIndirect estimations of gene flow levels were shown to be extremely low. Probably as a consequence of frequently occurring semi-arid conditions, populations of G. gauthieri are strongly subdivided and likely to be subject to stochastic processes. Therefore, even within areas, population samples may be genetically markedly different.\nDendrograms of genetic distances were compared with geological evidence. From these data an hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships is proposed.
    Keywords: Distribution ; Genetic divergence ; Gene flow ; Molecular clock ; Gammarus
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Genetic differentiation in Gammarus fossarum and G. caparti (Crustacea, Amphipoda) with reference to G. pulex pulex in northwestern Europe (1989)
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 59 no. 3, pp. 127-139
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Genetic differentiation among G. fossarum Koch, 1835 from different stations in Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and northern France, and the closely related Belgian form G. caparti P\xc3\xa8tre-Stroobants, 1980 was investigated by electrophoresis at 20 enzyme loci. Although morphologically variable, geographically distant populations of G. cf. fossarum were hitherto considered conspecific. In the present study, populations of G. cf. fossarum and G. caparti were examined with reference to G. pulex pulex as an estimate for genetic differentiation at the species level.\nWith G. p. pulex as a standard, genetic differentiation among geographically distant populations of G. cf. fossarum is occasionally observed at species level. The populations of G. caparti studied were shown to be genetically very similar to certain populations of G. fossarum. The taxonomic status of G. caparti and the genetically distinct forms of G. fossarum is discussed.
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; distribution ; morphology ; genetic variability ; Gammarus
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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