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  • 1
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    On the geometric form of volcanoes - Comment (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The model of Lacey et al. (1981) accounting for the geometric regularity and approximate cone shape of volcanoes is discussed. It is pointed out that, contrary to the model, volcano eruptions do not occur randomly in elevation and azimuth, but are commonly restricted to summit vents and a few well defined flank zones, so that the form of a volcano is determined by its vent locations and styles of eruption. Other false predictions of the model include the constancy of lava volumes at all vent elevations, the increase in volcano radius as the square root of time, a critical height for volcano growth, the influence of planetary gravity on volcano height and the negligible influence of ash falls and flows and erosional deposition. It is noted that the model of Shteynberg and Solov'yev, in which cone shape is related to stresses due to increasing cone height, may provide a better understanding of volcano morphology.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 57; 2, Fe; Feb. 198
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Volcanic contribution to crustal growth in the Central Andes: A new estimate and a discussion of uncertainties (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Volcanism above subduction zones is a major mechanism for crustal growth and compared to some other proposed processes calculation of growth rates is relatively easy given accurate volumes and ages of volcanic material. Francis and Rundie (1976) first used this approach in a small region of the Central Andes, and extrapolated their result to the entire Central Andean arc. The derived rate of 3 to 4.2 x 10 to the minus 6th cubic km yr/km of arc length is compared with an independent estimate based upon a reconnaissance census of all major volcanoes in the Central Andes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on the Growth of Continental Crust; p 169-171
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Eruption forecast for Krafla caldera (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Based on measurements and timings of 19 previous activity cycles of the Krafla caldera in Iceland that were previously reported, patterns are noted that have apparently not been described before and that appear to offer additional predictive possibilities for the time, place, and extent of near-future events at Krafla. A plot of elapsed time for each deflation event in the current Krafla rifting episode taken from Bjornsson et al. (1977, 1979) suggests that the next event should occur before the end of May, 1982. Comparison of the sites of main fissuring suggests that the next event will be close to or within the caldera, and that an eruption is to be anticipated. The trend for erupted lava area indicates that the next eruption will be larger than its predecessors.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: EOS; 63; May 18
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Astronaut's guide to terrestrial impact craters (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Impact cratering of the earth's surface is discussed and compared with lunar craters. The basic types found on earth are either simple craters or complex impact structures and basins. Meteorite fragments and shock metamorphism provide evidence of a crater's formation by meteorite impact. Known craters on earth are ordered by location and a few principal facts are given for each crater and the general terrain in which it is located. A satellite picture of each crater and maps identifying crater locations are provided.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-102902 , NAS 1.15:102902 , LPI-TRN-88-03
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Volcano spacings and lithospheric attenuation in the Eastern Rift of Africa (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Eastern Rift of Africa runs the gamut of crustal and lithospheric attenuation from undeformed shield through attenuated rift margin to active neo-oceanic spreading zones. It is therefore peculiarly well suited to an examination of relationships between volcano spacings and crust/lithosphere thickness. Although lithospheric thickness is not well known in Eastern Africa, it appears to have direct expression in the surface spacing of volcanoes for any given tectonic regime. This applies whether the volcanoes are essentially basaltic, silicic, or alkaline-carbonatitic. No evidence is found for control of volcano sites by a pre-existing fracture grid in the crust.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 33; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Morphometric evolution of composite volcanoes (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Statistical relations between geometry, slope, and age for 26 circum-Pacific composite volcanoes (stratovolcanoes) are presented. Topics considered include morphometry, eruption characteristics, growth rates, repose periods, flow lengths, and petrological/chemical trends. Composite and cinder cones are compared, and it is suggested that, if cinder cones do evolve into composite volcanoes, a fundamental change in cone morphometry, eruption style, and petrology occurs at a basal diameter of 2 km.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 5; June 197
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Volcano monitoring using short wavelength infrared data from satellites (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: It is shown that Landsat TM and MSS data provide useful and sometimes unique information on magmatic and fumarolic events at poorly monitored active volcanoes. The digital number data recorded in each spectral band by TM and MSS can be converted into spectral radiance, measured in W/sq m per micron per sr, using calibration data such as those provided by Markham and Barker (1986) and can provide temperature information on the lava fountain, lava lakes, pahoehoe flows, blocky lava, pyroclastic flow, and fumarole. The examples of Landsat data documenting otherwise unobserved precursors and/or activity include the September 1986 eruption of Lascar volcano, Chile; the continued presence of lava lakes at Erta 'Ale, Ethiopia (in the absence of any ground-based observations); and minor eruptions at Mount Erebus, Antarctica.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 7993-800
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Volcano monitoring by short wavelength infrared satellite remote sensing (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The use of short wavelength IR Landsat TM data for volcano monitoring is examined. By determining the pixel-integrated from the TM data, it is possible to estimate the temperature and size of hot areas which occupy less than one complete pixel. Examples of volcano monitoring with remote sensing data are discussed. It is suggested that the entire volcanic temperature range (100-1200 C) could be accomplished by decreasing the band 6 gain by just one order of magnitude so that it was sensitive to radiance from 1 to 100 mW/sq cm/sr/micron.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology; May 16, 1988 - May 19, 1988; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: text
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