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  • 1
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    Radiative transfer of visible radiation in turbid atmosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Methods are presented for solving radiative transfer problems; they include the doubling method and the closely related matrix method, iterative method, Chandrasekhar's method of discrete ordinates, and Monte Carlo method. To consider radiation transport through turbid atmosphere, an atmospheric model was developed characterizing aerosols by parameters. Intensity and polarization of radiation in turbid atmospheres is discussed, as well as lower atmospheric heating due to solar radiation absorption by aerosols.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Calif. Univ. Proc. of the UCLA Intern. Conf. on Radiation and Remote Probing of the Atmosphere; p 74-134
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  • 2
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    Observation of atmospheric minor constituents by FTIR at Syowa Station, Antarctica (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: As a part of the Antarctic MAP activity, a ground-based spectroscopic observation of atmospheric infrared transmission was started at Syowa station (69 deg 00'S, 39 deg 35'E) in March 24, 1983. Observations of sunlight as a radiation source were made with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer having a maximum path difference of 80 mm and an apodized FWHM resolution of approx. 0.12/cm. In routine operation through the year, the resolution of approx. 0.8/cm was applied for economy of data-processing time. The 408 spectra for 72 days were obtained in about 10 months until January 23, 1984. From the absorption features revealed in the spectra over the wave number range of 500 to 7500/cm, a preliminary estimate of N202 gamma sub 1 band absorption was attempted. An apparent transmittance was defined at the wave number 2576/cm, where the absorption by N20 molecules affected the observed intensity strongly. A ray-tracing technique and a line-by-line calculation with a model atmosphere and the AFGL atmospheric absorption line parameters compilation were applied to the calculation of the synthetic spectra.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 3 p
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  • 3
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    Simulations of heavy ion heating by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves driven by proton temperature anisotropies (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Heating of heavy ions by the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, which are driven by proton temperature anisotropies, is studied by means of hybrid particle simulations. Initially, relaxation of the temperature anisotropies in the proton distribution and isotropic heating of the heavy ions are observed (phase I), followed by substantial perpendicular heating of the heavy ions (phase II). The heavy ions are distinctly gyrophase modulated by the EMIC waves. The isotropic heating in phase I is due to magnetic trapping by the excited proton cyclotron waves. The perpendicular heating in phase II is attributed to cyclotron resonance with the EMIC waves, which becomes possible by means of the preceding heating in phase I. Saturation of the EMIC instability is instead attributed to magnetic trapping of the majority ions: protons. When the proton anisotropy is very large, frequency shift (decrease) of the proton cyclotron waves to less than 1/2 Ohm(p) is observed. The present mechanism is not only relevant to He(+) heating in the dayside equator of the magnetosphere, but it also predicts hot He2(+) ions behind the earth's bow shock.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 6459-646
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  • 4
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    A source of the backstreaming ion beams in the foreshock region (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The proposed source mechanism for the 'reflected' ion beams observed in the bow shock region's foreshock places the origin of the beams in the magnetosheath, downstream of the quasi-perpendicular shock portion whose transition is characterized by the downstream ion populations. Particle simulations indicate that highly anisotropic downstream ion distributions can excite electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves which, in turn, pitch angle-scatter the gyrating ions in a few ion gyroperiods. As a result, some ions acquire large parallel velocities and move fast enough along the convecting downstream magnetic field to escape back across the bow shock into the upstream region. The results presented are in general agreement with ISEE reflected ion observations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Apr. 1
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  • 5
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    Microinstabilities associated with a high Mach number, perpendicular bow shock (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Instability analyses incorporating insights gained through ISEE observations and hybrid simulations are used in an examination of the instabilities associated with a high Mach number perpendicular shock akin to the earth's bow shock. In the regions in front of, and at, the shock transition the cross-field instabilities are subdivided into the ion-ion streaming, kinetic cross-field streaming, and drift lower hybrid instability low frequency modes, as well as the electron cyclotron drift, ion sound, and electron whisker instability high frequency modes. Further downstream, ion ring-like and anisotropy-driven instabilities are considered. The implications of these results for wave signatures, plasma heating and acceleration are noted.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Space Science Reviews (ISSN 0038-6308); 37; 63-109
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